Abstract:
:Pharmacokinetic concepts describe the relationship between drug dose and resulting plasma concentration. A drug's pharmacokinetic profile can be described by distribution and elimination half-lives, initial volume of distribution, steady-state distribution volume, and metabolic and distributional clearance. After initiating a fixed rate of drug infusion, four to five terminal elimination half-lives are required to reach a steady state of constant plasma concentration. If a loading dose is given, a steady state can be achieved more rapidly. The most rapid method of achieving a constant plasma concentration involves using a variable rate of drug infusion that adjusts for the metabolic clearance and distribution of the drug. Computer-driven infusion pumps can be used to rapidly achieve, then maintain, constant plasma concentrations of a drug.
journal_name
Anaesth Intensive Carejournal_title
Anaesthesia and intensive careauthors
Stanski DRdoi
10.1177/0310057X8701500103subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-02-01 00:00:00pages
7-14issue
1eissn
0310-057Xissn
1448-0271journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A 74-year-old man with cardiac failure and renal impairment was admitted to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit with metformin-induced lactic acidosis and shock. He was successfully treated with high-dose (80 ml/kg/hour) continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. Lactic acidosis is a known complication of metformin ...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0903700520
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This prospective double-blinded study compared the analgesic effectiveness and incidence of complications of a compound preparation Painstop (Paedpharm Pty Ltd) containing paracetamol 12 mg, codeine 0.5 mg and promethazine 0.65 mg per 1.0 ml, dosage 1.0 ml/kg, with paracetamol 20 mg/kg. Ninety-five children aged 1 to ...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0310057X9702500105
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-two cases of diaphragmatic hernia, presenting from 1978 to 1982, were reviewed. Sixteen patients presented before 24 hours of life, of whom nine survived (56%). Six were late presenters who all did well. Seven babies had ten documented episodes of persistent foetal circulation (PFC) occurring as early as three ...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X8501300407
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective assessment of the results of surgical sympathectomy and sympathetic block (both temporary and permanent) are not widely practised. This article comments briefly on the available methods, and describes the use of the abolition of the skin potential response (formerly known as the psychogalvanic reflex) to ass...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X7900700408
更新日期:1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring study (AIMS) were examined to identify those incidents which occurred preoperatively (defined as occurring prior to the commencement of general or regional anaesthesia). The 35 incidents, representing 1.7% of the total, which occurred in this time...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X9302100516
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rupture of the oesophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) is a rare complication of forceful or suppressed vomiting. Postoperative nausea and vomiting is common but does not usually lead to life-threatening complications. A case of oesophageal rupture in a man who experienced postoperative nausea and vomiting after an uncompli...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0002800315
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrathecal neostigmine has been used as an adjunct to intrathecal local anaesthetic or opioid to prolong regional analgesia and improve haemodynamic stability, with variable results. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness and side-effects of intrathecal neostigmine in the perioperative and peripartum s...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1177/0310057X0503300107
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This randomised, double-blind study was designed to compare the duration of analgesia and adverse effects following intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine or clonidine, both with bupivacaine, in trauma patients. Ninety adult trauma patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II, schedule...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0310057X1304100110
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the first reported case involving the peripartum anaesthetic management of dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency in a 22-year-old primigravida with high-grade placenta praevia. Elective caesarean section was performed at 36 weeks gestation with a combined spinal-epidural regional anaesthetic technique. Exten...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0203000416
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defects in the genes coding for the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RYR1) and alpha 1 subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor (CACNA1S) have been identified as causative for malignant hyperthermia (MH). Sixty-two MH susceptible individuals presenting to the same diagnostic centre had copy deoxyribonucleic acid, de...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X1504300204
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::No specific prognostic model has been developed for patients readmitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the same hospitalisation. This study assesses the performance of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II predicted mortality measured at the time of ICU readmission and whether incorpo...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0803600107
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied prospectively 49 patients being treated in an intensive care unit with aminoglycosides for gram-negative sepsis. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated from three post-dose serum levels using a one-compartment model. Doses required to achieve peak levels between 5 and 10 mg/l with trough levels approximately ...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X8801600406
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultural barriers in hospital ward staff may limit the use of a Medical Emergency Team (MET) service. In December 2000 the role of the existing Code Blue team in our hospital was expanded to incorporate review of patients fulfilling commonly employed MET criteria. Between January 2001 and June 2003, the average call r...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0603400606
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effect of rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia on intraocular pressure in physically fit, ASA class I or II patients using combinations of sufentanil (1 microgram/kg), or fentanyl (5 micrograms/kg) and vecuronium (0.2 mg/kg) or atracurium (1.0 mg/kg). All patients received thiopentone (5 mg/kg), foll...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0310057X9001800317
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The provision of anaesthesia for emergency caesarean section is a major part of the workload of obstetric anaesthetists and the urgency often dictates the mode of anaesthesia that can be provided. We have audited the provision of anaesthesia for 'immediate' caesarean sections over a four-year period following the intr...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0703500110
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Finapres (Ohmeda, Madison, U.S.A.) is a non-invasive device which continuously measures the arterial blood pressure in a finger and produces a real-time display of the arterial pressure wave. It consists of a finger cuff with an infra-red transmission plethysmograph, a servo control box and a monitor unit. The dev...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X8901700413
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has not been extensively studied in patients with sepsis. A prospective study was performed in a single university hospital. The incidences of DIC at day 1 (<24 hours post-sepsis diagnosis) and day 3 (48 to 72 hours) were investigated among patients with sepsis....
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X1604400110
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebral and systemic kinetics of intravenous thiopentone (250 mg over 2 minutes, n=5) and propofol (100 mg over 2 minutes, n=6) were determined in sheep anaesthetized with halothane (2.0%) and mechanically ventilated to an end-expired carbon dioxide tension of 40 mmHg. The sheep were previously instrumented with ...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0102900205
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The strong ion gap (SIG) is under evaluation as a scanning tool for unmeasured ions. SIG is calculated by subtracting [buffer base], which is ([A-]+[HCO3-), from the apparent strong ion difference, which is ([Na+]+[K+]+[Ca++]+[Mg++]-[Cl-]-[L-lactate]). A- is the negative charge on albumin and phosphate. We compared th...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0703500308
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inotrope-dependent patients may become haemodynamically unstable during treatment in the hyperbaric chamber. One possible cause is altered performance of infusion devices. We tested six Atom 235 syringe infusion pumps under hyperbaric conditions of 2.8 atmospheres absolute in a multiplace chamber using a gravimetric m...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X9802600211
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Competency-Based Training program in Intensive Care Medicine in Europe identified 12 competency domains. Professionalism was given a prominence equal to technical ability. However, little information pertaining to fellows' views on professionalism is available. A nationwide qualitative study was performed. The mod...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X1103900118
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis that direct nursing hours correlate with the cost of a patient stay in intensive care was tested. One hundred and thirty-nine patients were studied and the data collected included: (a) direct nursing hours applied to each patient; (b) a daily TISS score: (c) a detailed costing of each patient (all costs...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X9702500409
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Actively warming patients during surgery is considered the best method of preventing inadvertent hypothermia. In order to investigate the effect of forced air warming on postoperative oxygen consumption, we studied 26 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery using a prospective, randomized trial design. We measured oxy...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0310057X9802600306
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal saline or air is used to identify loss of resistance during identification of the epidural space for combined spinal-epidural analgesia. Following epidural needle placement using air for loss of resistance, up to 80% of parturients move, grimace, vocalise or experience paraesthesia or dysaesthesia during subseq...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X1003800608
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the many critics of autologous blood transfusion, there is virtually no literature to support such an attitude in relation to any form of premeditated autologous blood transfusion. It is only in relation to intraoperative blood scavenging that there have been complications. In contrast, there is considerable l...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X8401200307
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) has an established role in the management of some cardiac surgical procedures, there is little data on its impact on coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) cases that are stratified for clinical risk. This is a retrospective review of the surgical impact of ...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0203000603
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A postal survey of anaesthetists practising in New Zealand assessed practices with regard to the preparation of pre-drawn syringes of emergency drugs in theatre, and attitudes towards the drawing up of drugs by non-medically qualified assistants. Opinion and practice varied widely; a quarter of respondents routinely d...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0002800616
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to quantify the animate source provided by the patients using the concept of "absolute carriage" by multiplying the carrier rate by the level of carriage; and to compare the impact of a low and high dose of an oropharyngeal vancomycin gel on the absolute MRSA carriage and infection. In all, 265 patien...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0503300312
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a patient with congenital complete heart block who underwent multiple anaesthetic exposures for eye examination and bilateral cataract surgery. The diagnosis was made during the first general anaesthetic. Various complications encountered during the multiple exposures are discussed. ...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0303100611
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study measures the learning curve for accomplishing sub-Tenon blocks for ophthalmic surgery applicable to anaesthetists skilled in peribulbar techniques. We defined criteria for a good block in terms of chemosis, subconjunctival haemorrhage, globe movement and the need for additional peribulbar block. The overall...
journal_title:Anaesthesia and intensive care
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0310057X0603400406
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00