Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Transportation costs can be a barrier to healthcare services, especially for low-income, disabled, elderly, and geographically isolated populations. This study aimed to estimate the transportation costs of healthcare service utilization and related influencing factors in Korea in 2016. METHODS:Transportation costs were calculated using data from the 2016 Korea Health Panel Study. A total of 14,845 participants were included (males, 45.07%; females, 54.93%), among which 2,148 participants used inpatient and 14,787 used outpatient care services. Transportation costs were estimated by healthcare types, transportation modes, and all disease and injury groups that caused healthcare service utilization. The influencing factors of higher transportation costs were analyzed using multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS:In 2016, the average transportation costs were United States dollars (USD) 43.70 (purchasing power parity [PPP], USD 32.35) per year and USD 27.67 (PPP, USD 20.48) per visit for inpatient care; for outpatient case, costs were USD 41.43 (PPP, USD 30.67) per year and USD 2.09 (PPP, USD 1.55) per visit. Among disease and injury groups, those with neoplasms incurred the highest transportation costs of USD 9.73 (PPP, USD 7.20). Both inpatient and outpatient annual transportation costs were higher among severely disabled individuals (inpatient, +USD 44.71; outpatient, +USD 23.73) and rural residents (inpatient, +USD 20.40; outpatient, +USD 28.66). Transportation costs per healthcare visit were influenced by healthcare coverage and residential area. Sex, age, and income were influencing factors of higher transportation costs for outpatient care. CONCLUSION:Transportation cost burden was especially high among those with major non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer) or living in rural areas, as well as elderly, severely disabled, and low-income populations. Thus, there is a need to address the socioeconomic disparities related to healthcare transportation costs in Korea by implementing targeted interventions in populations with restricted access to healthcare.
journal_name
J Korean Med Scijournal_title
Journal of Korean medical scienceauthors
Jang SY,Seon JY,Oh IHdoi
10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e290subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-07 00:00:00pages
e290issue
35eissn
1011-8934issn
1598-6357pii
35.e290journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Little is known about the prevalence and seroprevalence of low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and the risk factors for HPV infection in Korean women. We determined the prevalence of low-risk HPV among 902 women aged 20-59 yr and the seroprevalence of low-risk HPV subtypes 6 and 11 among 1,094 women aged 9-59 yr in th...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Writing a good quality scientific article takes experience and skill. I propose 'Ten Tips' that may help to improve the quality of manuscripts for scholarly journals. It is advisable to draft first version of manuscript and revise it repeatedly for consistency and accuracy of the writing. During the drafting and revis...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2014.29.8.1035
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To better understand the anatomic location of scalp nerves involved in various neurosurgical procedures, including awake surgery and neuropathic pain control, a total of 30 anterolateral scalp cutaneous nerves were examined in Korean adult cadavers. The dissection was performed from the distal to the proximal aspects ...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2010.25.4.517
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe a 37-yr-old man who developed central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. After HSCT, desquamation developed on the whole body accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia. The liver biopsy of the patient indicated graft-versus-h...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2008.23.2.324
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abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is universal and progressive. Here, we report recent results of response-guided therapy for HCV recurrence based on early protocol biopsy after LT. We reviewed patients who underwent LT for HCV related liver disease between 2010 and 2012. Protocol bio...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2015.30.11.1577
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to identify the effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on non-renal manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS:The study population comprised 439 SLE patients from the Korean Lupus Network registry who were followed up annually and completed the baseline su...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e185
更新日期：2019-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：Background:We investigated the association between pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a novel inflammatory marker, and bone mineral density (BMD) in the general Korean population. Methods:We selected a sub-cohort of 1,440 subjects (757 men and 683 women) from participants in the community-based Dong-gu Study. The mean age was 66.0 ±...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e165
更新日期：2018-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Esophageal stents have been used to palliate patients with dysphagia caused by esophageal cancer. Early rigid plastic prostheses have been associated with a high risk of complications. However, with the development of self-expanding stents, it has developed into a widely accepted method for treating malignant esophage...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3346/jkms.2017.32.7.1062
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four cases of well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with or without plasmacytoid differentiation of the lung are described. Two cases were single and the others were multiple. Histologic pictures of the lesion showed mass with perivascular, interstitial and alveolar extension in three cases and only interstitial an...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.1987.2.2.103
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HIV-1 gp41 is an envelope protein that plays an essential role in virus entry. The mutation of gp41 affects HIV-1 entry and susceptibility to the fusion inhibitor T-20. Therefore, we analyzed the natural polymorphism of gp41 of 163 HIV-1 isolates from T-20-naïve Koreans infected with HIV-1. This study of gp41 polymorp...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2014.29.3.456
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of Tl-201 abdominal SPECT to differentiate between chronic focal pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancy. Seventeen patients (12 men, 5 women; mean age, 56 years; 9 pancreatic cancer, 8 chronic pancreatitis) with pancreatic mass were prospectively investigated wi...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.1995.10.2.93
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular mortality is associated with vascular calcification (VC) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The present study was designed to find factors related with medial artery calcification on the plain radiography of feet by comparing C-reactive protein (CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and lipid...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2009.24.S1.S115
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an ascitic fluid infection as a complication of end stage liver disease. The outcome is related to the severity of hepatorenal function, gastrointestinal bleeding, and many others; however it is not well known whether the infection acquisition sites have an effect on the prog...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2006.21.4.666
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease that is caused by many serovars which are more than 200 in the world, is an emerging worldwide disease. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests for leptospirosis are a critical step to diagnose the disease. There are some commercial kits available for diagnosis of leptospirosis, but the o...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2016.31.2.183
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroblastomas originating from different sites might have different clinical and biological characteristics. In the present study, the clinical (age, sex and stage) and biological (N-myc amplification, Shimada pathology and levels of lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin and neuron-specific enolase) characteristics of pati...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2009.24.3.461
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The World Health Organization (WHO) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) guideline is currently accepted as the gold standard for the evaluation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies specific to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide. We conducted validation of the WHO ELISA for 7 pneumococcal serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, ...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2017.32.10.1581
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was done to characterize the natural course of C-peptide levels in patients with type 1 diabetes and identify distinguishing characters among patients with lower rates of C-peptide decline. A sample of 95 children with type 1 diabetes was analyzed to retrospectively track serum levels of C-peptide, HbA1c, w...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2013.28.9.1340
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been reported that the particulate matter under 10 microm (PM10) has deleterious effects on respiratory health. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of PM10 upon normal children's lung function. The subjects were 368 middle school students in two areas of Incheon Metropolitan City. One (Incheon...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2005.20.1.42
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One important mechanism of drug resistance in acute leukemia is the overexpression of the multi-drug resistance (MDR1) gene that encodes a 170-kDa membrane protein called P-glycoprotein. To estimate the incidence and role of MDR1 gene expression in patients with acute leukemia, we investigated the expression of MDR1 b...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.1998.13.6.617
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the clinical course of subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head (SIFFH) and its characteristic findings with special regard to joint space narrowing (JSN). Thirty-one cases of SIFFH of mean age 68.9 yr initially underwent limited weight-bearing conservative treatment. During the follow-up pe...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2014.29.4.593
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) causes right ventricular failure and possibly even death by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy has provided an alternative treatment for ailments of various organs by promoting cell regeneration at the site of p...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2012.27.6.605
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the rapid aging of the population, Korea introduced public long-term care insurance for older people in 2008. The long-term care insurance was designed as a separate scheme from the national health insurance, with eligibility qualifications and the certification process based on functional disability, benefits an...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2012.27.S.S41
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abstract：:As one of trials on neuroprotection after spinal cord injury, we used pregabalin. After spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats using contusion model, we observed the effect of pregabalin compared to that of the control and the methylprednisolone treated rats. We observed locomotor improvement of paralyzed hindlimb and body ...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2011.26.3.404
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) in Korean critically-ill patients. All patients who were admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) of Samsung Medical Center between January 1, 2006 and April 30, 2007 were prospectively e...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2009.24.4.668
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The geriatric population is increasing, and asthma severity increases with age. We determined the predictors of asthma control, exacerbation, and the factors that affect asthma-specific quality of life (A-QOL) in elderly asthmatic patients. This was a prospective, multicenter, real-life study for 6 months with stepwis...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.1042
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microarray analysis was used to investigate the lack of identified mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway downstream genes to overcome cross-talk at non-muscle invasive high-grade (HG)-urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder, gene expression patterns, gene ontology, and gene clustering by triple (p70S6K, S6K, a...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2017.32.8.1327
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult intussusception is rare, and the majority of cases has an underlying cause that requires surgical resection. We report a case of a 39 yr-old man with ileo-ileo-colic intussusception caused by ileal lipoma that was successfully managed by a laparoscopic-assisted surgical maneuver. Using a three-cannula technique,...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2001.16.1.119
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the Diagnostic Drawing Series (DDS) as a screening tool for the breast cancer patients with psychological distress. Methods:All of 64 patients with breast cancer participated in this study. Patients' depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using Patient...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e140
更新日期：2018-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Ionized hypocalcemia is a common finding in critically ill patients, but the relationship between ionized hypocalcemia and mortality risk in trauma patients has not been well established. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of initial ionized calcium (iCa) in predicting mortality in the trauma populatio...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2008.23.4.700
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of injuries of school-aged children transported via emergency medical services (EMS) that occurred in schools by comparing with injuries that occurred outside of school. METHODS:Data from the 119 EMS from 2012 to 2014 were analyzed. School and no...
journal_title：Journal of Korean medical science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e73
更新日期：2018-03-05 00:00:00
