Abstract:
BACKGROUND:For circadian medicine to influence health, such as when to take a drug or undergo a procedure, a biomarker of molecular clock phase is required--one that is easily measured and generalizable across a broad population. It is not clear that any circadian biomarker yet satisfies these criteria. METHODS:We analyzed 24-h molecular rhythms in human dermis and epidermis at three distinct body sites, leveraging both longitudinal (n = 20) and population (n = 154) data. We applied cyclic ordering by periodic structure (CYCLOPS) to order the population samples where biopsy time was not recorded. With CYCLOPS-predicted phases, we used ZeitZeiger to discover potential biomarkers of clock phase. RESULTS:Circadian clock function was strongest in the epidermis, regardless of body site. We identified a 12-gene expression signature that reported molecular clock phase to within 3 h (mean error = 2.5 h) from a single sample of epidermis--the skin's most superficial layer. This set performed well across body sites, ages, sexes, and detection platforms. CONCLUSIONS:This research shows that the clock in epidermis is more robust than dermis regardless of body site. To encourage ongoing validation of this putative biomarker in diverse populations, diseases, and experimental designs, we developed SkinPhaser--a user-friendly app to test biomarker performance in datasets ( https://github.com/gangwug/SkinPhaser ).
journal_name
Genome Medjournal_title
Genome medicineauthors
Wu G,Ruben MD,Francey LJ,Smith DF,Sherrill JD,Oblong JE,Mills KJ,Hogenesch JBdoi
10.1186/s13073-020-00768-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-21 00:00:00pages
73issue
1issn
1756-994Xpii
10.1186/s13073-020-00768-9journal_volume
12pub_type
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