Abstract：
:Early childhood is an important period for cognitive and brain development, though white matter changes specific to this period remain understudied. Here we utilize a novel analytic approach to quantify and track developmental changes in white matter micro- and macro-structure, calculated from individually oriented fiber-bundle populations, termed "fixels". Fixel-based analysis and mixed-effects models were used to assess tract-wise changes in fiber density and bundle morphology in 73 girls scanned at baseline (ages 4.09-7.02, mean = 5.47, SD = 0.81), 6-month (N = 7), and one-year follow-up (N = 42). For comparison, we also assessed changes in commonly utilized diffusion tensor metrics: fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean, radial and axial diffusivity (MD, RD, AD). Maturational increases in fixel-metrics were seen in most major white matter tracts, with the most rapid increases in the corticospinal tract and slowest or non-significant increases in the genu of the corpus callosum and uncinate fasciculi. As expected, we observed developmental increases in FA and decreases in MD, RD and AD, though percent changes were smaller relative to fixel-metrics. The majority of tracts showed more substantial morphological than microstructural changes. These findings highlight early childhood as a period of dynamic white matter maturation, characterized by large increases in macroscopic fiber bundle size, mild changes in axonal density, and parallel, albeit less substantial, changes in diffusion tensor metrics.
journal_name
Neuroimagejournal_title
NeuroImageauthors
Dimond D,Rohr CS,Smith RE,Dhollander T,Cho I,Lebel C,Dewey D,Connelly A,Bray Sdoi
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116552subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-15 00:00:00pages
116552eissn
1053-8119issn
1095-9572pii
S1053-8119(20)30039-2journal_volume
210pub_type
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