Abstract:
:Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) have been indicated as an innovative technology for the treatment of some types of cancer, since they are capable of targeting and selectively killing tumor cells. However, the high costs of these therapies raise questions as to the sustainability of access. This study aimed to identify the principal characteristics of monoclonal antibodies used in cancer treatment with active marketing authorization in Brazil as of 2016. This was a descriptive retrospective analysis based on consultation of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) website, in which these mABs were characterized according to the target antigen, type of antibody, year of registration, therapeutic indications, and applicant. A total of 14 antibodies were identified with action on seven different target antigens. The most frequent clinical indications were for lymphomas, leukemias, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. As for type, the study identified three chimeric, six humanized, and five human antibodies. Roche was the applicant in 6 of the 14 mABs, or 43% of the marketing authorization. It was possible to discuss the idea of me-too medicines in the biological market and the idea of a differentiated oligopoly, as well as to think about the tensions in this kind of market. It is expected that the development of new products, although to act on the same biological target, represent the possibility of a competitive increase and, as a result, a decrease in prices practiced by companies. However, this becomes a problem when it is the same pharmaceutical industry that launches on the market new antibodies directed to the same target, with no relevant changes. :Os anticorpos monoclonais (mABs) têm sido indicados como tecnologia inovadora para o tratamento de alguns tipos de câncer, por serem capazes de alvejar e matar seletivamente células tumorais. Contudo, os altos custos dessas terapias colocam em questão a sustentabilidade do acesso. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as principais características dos anticorpos monoclonais, destinados ao tratamento de câncer, com registro sanitário ativo, no Brasil, em 2016. Tratou-se de uma análise descritiva retrospectiva a partir de consulta à página de Internet da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), em que esses mABs foram caracterizados de acordo com antígeno-alvo, tipo de anticorpo, ano de registro, indicações terapêuticas e empresa detentora do registro. Foram identificados 14 anticorpos com ação em sete antígenos-alvo diferentes. No que diz respeito às indicações clínicas, houve uma maior frequência de linfomas, leucemias, câncer de mama e câncer colorretal. Quanto ao tipo, foram identificados três anticorpos quiméricos, seis humanizados e cinco humanos. A Roche apareceu como a empresa detentora do registro de 6 dos 14 mABs, o que representa 43% dos registros sanitários. Foi possível, a partir desses dados, discutir a ideia de medicamentos me-too no mercado de biológicos, assim como pensar as tensões existentes nesse mercado e a ideia de oligopólio diferenciado. Apesar do desenvolvimento de novos produtos, ainda que para atuar em um mesmo alvo, representar a possibilidade de um incremento competitivo e, com isso, de uma diminuição dos preços praticados pelas empresas torna-se um problema quando é a mesma empresa que lança no mercado novos anticorpos direcionados ao mesmo alvo, sem mudanças relevantes. :Los anticuerpos monoclonales (mABs) han sido señalados como una tecnología innovadora para el tratamiento de algunos tipos de cáncer, por ser capaces de apuntar y matar selectivamente células tumorales. No obstante, los altos costes de estas terapias ponen en cuestión la sostenibilidad del acceso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las principales características de los anticuerpos monoclonales, destinados al tratamiento de cáncer, con registro sanitario activo, en Brasil, en 2016. Se trató de un análisis descriptivo retrospectivo, a partir de la consulta a la página web de la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria (Anvisa), donde esos mABs se caracterizaron conforme el antígeno objetivo, tipo de anticuerpo, año de registro, indicaciones terapéuticas y empresa detentora de su registro. Se identificaron 14 anticuerpos con acción en siete antígenos-objetivo diferentes. En lo referente a las indicaciones clínicas, hubo una mayor frecuencia de linfomas, leucemias, cáncer de mama y cáncer colorrectal. En cuanto al tipo, se identificaron tres anticuerpos quiméricos, seis humanizados y cinco humanos. Roche apareció como la empresa detentora del registro de 6 de los 14 mABS, lo que representa un 43% de los registros sanitarios. Fue posible, a partir de esos datos, discutir la idea de medicamentos me-too en el mercado de biológicos, así como reflexionar sobre las tensiones existentes en ese mercado y la idea de oligopolio diferenciado. El desarrollo de nuevos productos, aunque sean para actuar en un mismo objetivo, representa la posibilidad de un incremento competitivo y, con ello, de una disminución de los precios practicados por las empresas. Esto se convierte en un problema cuando es la misma empresa que lanza en el mercado nuevos anticuerpos, dirigidos al mismo objetivo, sin cambios relevantes.
journal_name
Cad Saude Publicajournal_title
Cadernos de saude publicaauthors
Vidal TJ,Figueiredo TA,Pepe VLEdoi
10.1590/0102-311X00010918subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-29 00:00:00pages
e00010918issue
12eissn
0102-311Xissn
1678-4464pii
S0102-311X2018001205003journal_volume
34pub_type
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