Abstract:
:The objective of this study was to understand how physicians at the largest emergency department in a large Brazilian city orient care for critical patients with suspected brain death and who are potential organ donors. This ethnographic study was conducted in an emergency care hospital, a reference in traumatology in Latin America, located in downtown Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State. The institution took pioneering steps in Brazil with a specific sector where patients with suspected brain death are referred. The fieldwork was performed over the course of nine months, based on targeted observations and interviews with 43 on-duty staff physicians (25 men and 18 women), from 28 and 69 years of age. Data analysis followed the "signs, meanings, and actions" model. The ethnography revealed the process of medical care for patients with suspected brain death, including: intensive care, adherence to protocol, and communicating the patient's status to the family. In the latter case, the dialogue reveals the controversies in the concept of brain death, the sociocultural context, and the emergency care context. It became clear that this process of medical care extrapolates merely normative issues, entering into a complex web of elements, especially the professional's role as mediator of a myriad of interwoven elements and tensions. Between confirmation of the brain death and communicating the situation to the family, ambivalent perceptions emerge, both for the physicians and the family members. The study evidenced how the tenuous definition of what constitutes life and death touches on all of the medical act, with direct implications on care for patients/potential donors and their families. :O objetivo do presente trabalho é compreender como os médicos do maior pronto-atendimento de uma metrópole brasileira orientam o cuidado aos pacientes graves com suspeita de morte encefálica e potenciais doadores de órgãos. Trata-se de uma etnografia, desenvolvida em um hospital de pronto-socorro, referência em trauma na América Latina, situado no hipercentro da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A instituição, de modo pioneiro no Brasil, conta com um setor específico para onde são encaminhados os pacientes com suspeita de morte encefálica. O trabalho de campo foi realizado durante nove meses, baseado em observações empíricas e entrevistas junto a 43 médicos plantonistas - 25 homens e 18 mulheres, entre 28 e 69 anos. A análise dos dados foi orientada pelo modelo de “signos, significados e ações”. À etnografia, emergiu o processo de cuidado médico ao paciente em suspeita de morte encefálica que contempla: terapia intensiva; realização do protocolo e comunicação do fato à família do paciente. Nesse último caso, a interlocução perpassa as controvérsias no conceito de morte encefálica, o contexto sociocultural e o contexto do pronto-atendimento. Ficou claro que esse processo de cuidado médico ultrapassa questões meramente normativas e adentra uma complexidade de elementos, sobretudo o papel do profissional como mediador de uma miríade de elementos e tensões imbricados. Entre a constatação e a comunicação da morte encefálica emergem percepções ambivalentes dos médicos e dos familiares. O estudo evidenciou que a tênue definição do que seja a vida e a morte tangencia toda a atuação médica, tendo implicações diretas no cuidado ao paciente/potencial doador e aos familiares. :El objetivo de este trabajo es comprender cómo los médicos del mayor servicio de urgencias de una metrópoli brasileña orientan en el cuidado a pacientes graves, con sospecha de muerte encefálica, y potenciales donadores de órganos. Se trata de un trabajo etnográfico, desarrollado en un hospital con servicio de urgencias, referente en casos de trauma en Latinoamérica, situado en la zona metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. La institución, de modo pionero en Brasil, cuenta con un sector específico, donde se dirigen los pacientes con sospecha de muerte encefálica. El trabajo de campo se realizó durante nueve meses, basado en observaciones empíricas y entrevistas, junto a 43 médicos de guardia - 25 hombres y 18 mujeres-, entre 28 y 69 años. El análisis de los datos se orientó por el modelo de “signos, significados y acciones”. Con la etnografía, emergió el proceso de cuidado médico al paciente con sospecha de muerte encefálica que contempla: terapia intensiva, realización del protocolo y comunicación del hecho a la familia del paciente. En ese último caso, la interlocución revela las controversias en el concepto de muerte encefálica, contexto sociocultural y contexto del servicio de urgencias. Quedó claro que este proceso de cuidado médico ultrapasa cuestiones meramente normativas y se adentra en una complejidad de elementos, sobre todo respecto al papel del profesional como mediador de una miríada de elementos y tensiones imbricados. Entre la constatación y la comunicación de la muerte encefálica emergen percepciones ambivalentes de médicos y familiares. El estudio evidenció que la tenue definición de lo que es vida y muerte es tangencial a toda la actuación médica, teniendo implicaciones directas en el cuidado al paciente/potencial donador y para los familiares.
journal_name
Cad Saude Publicajournal_title
Cadernos de saude publicaauthors
Aredes JS,Firmo JOA,Giacomin KCdoi
10.1590/0102-311X00061718subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-11-08 00:00:00pages
e00061718issue
11eissn
0102-311Xissn
1678-4464pii
S0102-311X2018001105003journal_volume
34pub_type
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