A simple genetic basis of adaptation to a novel thermal environment results in complex metabolic rewiring in Drosophila.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Population genetic theory predicts that rapid adaptation is largely driven by complex traits encoded by many loci of small effect. Because large-effect loci are quickly fixed in natural populations, they should not contribute much to rapid adaptation. RESULTS:To investigate the genetic architecture of thermal adaptation - a highly complex trait - we performed experimental evolution on a natural Drosophila simulans population. Transcriptome and respiration measurements reveal extensive metabolic rewiring after only approximately 60 generations in a hot environment. Analysis of genome-wide polymorphisms identifies two interacting selection targets, Sestrin and SNF4Aγ, pointing to AMPK, a central metabolic switch, as a key factor for thermal adaptation. CONCLUSIONS:Our results demonstrate that large-effect loci segregating at intermediate allele frequencies can allow natural populations to rapidly respond to selection. Because SNF4Aγ also exhibits clinal variation in various Drosophila species, we suggest that this large-effect polymorphism is maintained by temporal and spatial temperature variation in natural environments.

journal_name

Genome Biol

journal_title

Genome biology

authors

Mallard F,Nolte V,Tobler R,Kapun M,Schlötterer C

doi

10.1186/s13059-018-1503-4

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-08-20 00:00:00

pages

119

issue

1

eissn

1474-7596

issn

1474-760X

pii

10.1186/s13059-018-1503-4

journal_volume

19

pub_type

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