Abstract:
:Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic due to the high burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. This study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of vancomycin in Australian Indigenous patients with severe sepsis, and advise an optimal dosing strategy. A population PK study was conducted in a remote Australian intensive care unit (ICU). Serial plasma samples were collected over one to two dosing intervals and assayed by validated chromatography. Concentration-time data collected were analysed using Pmetrics® software. The final population PK model was then used for Monte Carlo dosing simulations to determine optimal loading and intermittent maintenance doses. Fifteen Indigenous subjects were included for analysis with a median (interquartile range, IQR) age, weight and creatinine clearance (CrCL) of 43 (34-46) years, 73 (66-104) kg and 99 (56-139) ml/minute respectively. A two-compartment model described the data adequately. Vancomycin clearance (CL) and volume of distribution of the central compartment (Vc) were described by CrCL and patient weight respectively. Median (IQR) CL, Vc, distribution rate constants from central to peripheral, and from peripheral to central compartments were 4.6 (3.8-5.6) litres per hour, 25.4 (16.1-31.3) litres, 0.46 (0.28-0.52)/hour and 0.25 (0.12-0.37)/hour respectively. No significant interethnic PK differences were observed in comparison to published data. Therapeutic loading doses were significantly dependent on both weight and CrCL, whereas maintenance doses were dependent on CrCL. In the absence of severe renal impairment, initiation of maintenance dose eight hours post-loading dose achieved higher probability of target attainment at 24 hours. This is the first report of vancomycin PK in this patient group.
journal_name
Anaesth Intensive Carejournal_title
Anaesthesia and intensive careauthors
Tsai D,Stewart PC,Hewagama S,Krishnaswamy S,Wallis SC,Lipman J,Roberts JAdoi
10.1177/0310057X1804600405subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
374-380issue
4eissn
0310-057Xissn
1448-0271pii
20180095journal_volume
46pub_type
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