Abstract:
:The use of arm weight support (WS) to optimize movement quality may be an avenue for improved upper limb stroke rehabilitation; however, the underlying neurophysiological effects of WS are not well understood. Rehabilitation exercises may be performed when sitting or standing, but the interaction of posture with WS has not been examined until now. We explored the effect of posture with WS on corticomotor excitability (CME) in healthy adults. Thirteen participants performed static shoulder abduction in two postures (sitting and standing) at three levels of WS (0, 45, and 90 % of full support). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex was used to elicit motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in eight upper limb muscles. Stimulus-response (SR) curves were fitted to the MEP data using nonlinear regression. Whole-body posture interacted with WS to influence tonic activity and CME in all muscles examined. SR curve parameters revealed greater CME when standing compared to sitting for upper arm muscles, but lower CME to the shoulder, forearm, and hand. Distal to the shoulder, tonic activity and CME were modulated independent of any explicit differences in task requirements. Overall, these results support a model of integrated upper limb control influenced by whole-body posture and WS. These findings have implications for the application of WS in settings such as upper limb rehabilitation after stroke.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Runnalls KD,Anson G,Byblow WDdoi
10.1007/s00221-016-4775-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
97-107issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106pii
10.1007/s00221-016-4775-5journal_volume
235pub_type
杂志文章abstract::It is known that TMS can induce blinking, but it is unknown to what extent and at what time TMS-induced blinking can cover the pupil. We applied single-pulse TMS with a leftward and rightward monophasic current through a round coil over the occipital pole in 8 healthy subjects, using high-speed video to monitor left o...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2626-y
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuronal responsiveness to three-dimensional (3D) motion in cat posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) cortex was studied using a computer-controlled, stereoscopic 3D graphic display capable of reproducing the major visual cues for natural 3D motion, including motion disparity, size, texture, and shading change...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050509
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Knowing when the head moves is crucial information for the central nervous system to maintain a veridical representation of the self in the world for perception and action. Previous studies have shown that active head movement onset has to precede a sound by approximately 80 ms to be perceived as simultaneous, suggest...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5026-0
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional reorganization in a musician's brain has long been considered strong evidence of experience-dependent neuroplasticity. Highly coordinated bimanual movements require abundant communication between bilateral hemispheres. Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) is the communication between bilateral primary motor co...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05951-3
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injections of tritiated tracer precursors into one eye revealed a highly variable lamination pattern of the LGN in the marmoset Callithrix. In one specimen, only four cell layers were apparent with some indication of further differentiation. In a second specimen, six almost complete relay layers were found in the occi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235574
更新日期:1978-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::1. Individual neurons were recorded extracellularly in the precentral forelimb area of two monkeys trained to perform rapid, large amplitude flexion and extension movements of the contralateral forearm in response to auditory signals. Electromyographic (EMG) activity in the biceps/triceps muscles was recorded separate...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228859
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy is one of the most frequent side effects of vincristine (VCR) administration, which often limits its usefulness in the treatment of a wide range of neoplastic diseases. The purpose of this work is to study VCR neurotoxicity in experimental animals from clinical, electrophysiological...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0499-2
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Besides luminance change, the pupil responds to changes in spatial pattern, color content and target motion. Our experimental results show that transient pupillary constriction can also be elicited by dichoptically viewing a change in stereoscopic stimuli composed of dynamic random-dot stereograms from an initially fl...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2161-1
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular Ca2+ activity (aCa) changes were measured with Ca2+-sensitive microelectrodes in the cat cerebral cortex during iontophoretic administration of excitatory and inhibitory aminoacids. Glutamate, aspartate and DL homcysteate usually decreased aCa from a baseline of 1.3 mM to as low as 0.1 mM. The amplitude ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237788
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Attention Network Test (ANT) is a frequently used computer-based tool for measuring the three attention networks (alerting, orienting, and executive control). We examined the psychometric properties of performance on a variant of the ANT, the Attention Network Test-Interaction (ANT-I) in healthy older adults (N = ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4493-4
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study explores the bottom-up attentional consequences of episodic memory retrieval. Individuals studied words (Experiment 1) or pictures (Experiment 2) presented on the left or on the right of the screen. They then viewed studied and new stimuli in the centre of the screen. One-second after the appearance of each ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1548-9
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined ERP responses during the generation of word associates or mental images in response to concrete and abstract concepts. Of interest were the predictions of dual coding theory (DCT), which proposes that processing lexical concepts depends on functionally independent but interconnected verbal and nonverbal sy...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2734-8
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now accepted that performing a cognitive task impacts postural control (Polskaia and Lajoie 2016; Vuillerme et al. Neurosci Lett 291: 77-80, 2000). However, the reverse impact of posture on cognitive performance is less documented. The present study investigated performance in two cognitive activities (memory an...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05858-z
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single cells were recorded in layers A and A1 of the cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) with multibarrel micropipettes. Interocular inhibition ("binocular inhibition") was elicited by phase-reversing gratings presented monocularly to the nondominant eye. This inhibition was blocked by microiontophoretic appl...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00239516
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The moment production by several fingers on a mechanically fixed vertically oriented handle was studied under the systematic variations of task parameters such as (a) moment magnitude (1.0 Nm and 2.0 Nm) and (b) direction of moment production (into pronation and supination), as well as (c) vertical position of the han...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-1859-4
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The descending projection of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) in the upper thoracic cord of the rat was studied. PVN-fibers were labeled by anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), while SPNs were retrogradely labeled with choler...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229982
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To date, tactile distractor processing has primarily been investigated by focusing on the spatial characteristics of distractors and the impact of their presentation on the orienting of attention. In two experiments, we examined the influence of tactile distractors when the location of stimulus presentation was kept c...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3929-6
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing evidence suggests that blind subjects outperform the sighted on certain tactile discrimination tasks depending on cutaneous inputs. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of blind (n = 14) and sighted (n = 15) subjects in a haptic angle discrimination task, depending on both cutaneous and pro...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1327-7
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuron activity was recorded in monkey cerebral cortex during a visually guided reaching task. Cells located in the banks of the arcuate sulcus at its curvature changed their activity during the period in which the monkey saw a food reward in a certain position, but before it moved to retrieve the reward. A role of th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238755
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared the morphological characteristics and the behavioural effects of intrahippocampal septal cell suspension grafts injected either just above the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampal region CA1 or within the dorsal leaf of the dentate gyrus (DG) in rats subjected to electrolytic fimbria-fornix lesi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227297
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neural activity in area 7a and the arm area of motor cortex was recorded while real or path-guided apparent motion stimuli were presented to behaving monkeys in the absence of a motor response. A smooth stimulus motion was produced in the real motion condition, whereas in the apparent motion condition five stimuli...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1664-5
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the number of muscles and joints of the arm, more ways are available to produce an identical hand movement when pointing to a target than are strictly necessary. How the nervous system manages these abundant degrees of freedom was the focus of this study of pointing to targets of low and high indices of difficul...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1357-5
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments were carried out on the in vitro preparation of the lamprey brainstem isolated together with the labyrinths. The brain orientation in space could be changed in steps of 45 degrees by rotation (360 degrees) around the longitudinal axis (roll) or the transverse axis (pitch). Vestibular afferents in the VIII ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230932
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhythmic auditory cues aim to modulate step times while walking. Their effect on the variability of minimum foot clearance, which is "normally" the most controlled gait parameter in normal overground walking, has not been studied, yet. We aim to analyse the effects of auditory cues on the variability of foot clearance...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4754-x
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The literature reports that anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are programmed according to movement velocity. However, the linkage between APAs and velocity has been highlighted within single subjects who were asked to voluntarily change movement velocity; therefore, till now, it has been impossible to discern w...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4122-7
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the influence of gaze elevation on judging the possibility of passing under high obstacles during pitch body tilts, while stationary, in absence of allocentric cues. Specifically, we aimed at studying the influence of egocentric references upon geocentric judgements. Seated subjects, orientated at vari...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1589-0
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When walking with a hand-held object, grip force is coupled in an anticipatory manner to changes in inertial force resulting from the accelerations and decelerations of gait. However, it is not known how grip and inertial forces are organized at the onset of gait, and if the two forces are coupled in the early phases ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1476-8
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfaction is unique among the senses in that signals from the peripheral sensory receptors bypass the thalamus on their way to the cortex. The fact that olfactory stimuli are not gated by the thalamus has led some researchers to suggest that people may be unable to selectively direct their attention toward the olfacto...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210100713
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The review summarises current evidence on the cognitive mechanisms for the integration of spatial and temporal representations and of common brain structures to process the where and when of stimuli. Psychophysical experiments document the presence of spatially localised distortions of sub-second time intervals and su...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1834-1
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is a common experience, immediately after the removal of a cast or a splint, to feel motor awkwardness, which is usually attributed to muscular and joint immobilization. However, the same feeling may also be perceived after a brief period of immobilization. We provide evidence that this last effect stems from chang...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3115-7
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00