Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Cardiovascular disease remains the major contributor to morbidity and mortality in diabetes. From the need to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes and to ensure that such risk is not exacerbated by drug treatments, governmental regulators and drug manufacturers have focused on clinical trials evaluating cardiovascular outcomes. AREAS COVERED:Findings from mechanistic and clinical trials of biguanides, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors will be reviewed. These drug classes will be compared within the context of available cardiovascular outcomes data. Clinical implications of new study regulations will be examined. EXPERT OPINION:Recent cardiovascular studies provide a more comprehensive evaluation of specific anti-diabetes therapy in individuals with high cardiovascular risk. Long-term effects of anti-hyperglycemic agents in patients with lower cardiovascular risk are still speculative. Historical data supports continued use of metformin as a first-line agent. DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists appear to have neutral effects on cardiovascular outcomes. The significantly decreased cardiovascular risk associated with empagliflozin SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy is impressive and may change how practitioners prescribe add-on therapy to metformin.
journal_name
Expert Opin Drug Safjournal_title
Expert opinion on drug safetyauthors
Younk LM,Lamos EM,Davis SNdoi
10.1080/14740338.2016.1195368subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-09-01 00:00:00pages
1239-57issue
9eissn
1474-0338issn
1744-764Xjournal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality among adults with Type 2 diabetes. The thiazolidinediones including rosiglitazone are approved for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes on the basis of their ability to lower blood sugar and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES:To ascer...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.7.5.579
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Basiliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha chain of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R). When administered intravenously at a dosage of 20 mg at the time of transplantation and 4 days later, basiliximab saturates the alpha chain of IL-2R for 4 weeks. AREAS COVERED:This review eval...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1517/14740338.2014.861816
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::NSAIDs are used extensively worldwide at a cost of billions of dollars annu-ally. Adverse side effects, especially in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, are uncommon but cause a substantial burden of illness because of the volume of use. Important upper GI complications include dyspepsia, gastric erosions and peptic ulc...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.4.2.157
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Sulfasalazine (SASP) is a drug commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A high incidence of side effects limits therapy with this drug. Getting a wider knowledge of drug pharmacology, indications a...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.529898
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) do not have epilepsy. There are a number of compelling reasons to take these patients off antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), including drug toxicity and teratogenicity, as well as possibly poorer outcome of PNES and increased risk of iatrogenic harm when...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14740338.5.5.609
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Niacin is one of the oldest drugs used in the treatment of dyslipidemia. Previously its use has been limited because of excessive flushing. Now an agent laropiprant (LRP) has been developed, which blocks the flushing pathway. Therefore, it is time to collate available information to assess the safety and t...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.638281
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Possible relationship between drug exposure and multiple sclerosis (MS) development is insufficiently investigated, and further challenged by the incomplete understanding of MS etiopathogenesis. The study aims to investigate whether drug exposure could contribute to MS, by analyzing worldwide spontaneous rep...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1506763
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: This study aimed to measure the association of various H1-antihistamines (H1A) with Torsade de Pointes (TdP), and present a comprehensive overview of H1A-induced TdP cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: All H1A-induced TdP cases (n = 406) were ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14740338.2021.1846717
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Emergency contraception (EC) is a way to significantly reduce the chance of becoming pregnant after an episode of unprotected intercourse. Considerable data support the safety of all available and emerging options for EC. Areas covered: This review presents a comprehensive summary of the literature regardi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2017.1354985
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Since their initial use in the 1980s, IFNs have become an essential component of the therapy for many diseases such as hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Although they have been extremely useful in conditions that pose therapeutic challenges, complications associated with their use have been widely reported i...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740330903066726
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Treatment for chronic pruritus ranges from use of topical formulations to newer biologic agents. Targeting treatment to the underlying etiology is key in reducing the burden of disease while avoiding systemic or adverse effects.Areas covered: This review details the effective medical treatments used in v...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2020.1728252
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Conventional systemic therapies for psoriasis are associated with serious toxicities that can limit long-term use. In recent years, biological therapies have offered the possibility of long-term therapy with improved safety and efficacy for the treatment of psoriasis. Biological therapies can be classified...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.524925
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hyperhidrosis affects 4.8% of the U.S. population and has been underestimated by physicians for long time despite considerable interference with quality of life. Many patients suffer from primary (idiopathic) hyperhidrosis which results from over-activity of sympathetic nerves and is restricted to specific...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2017.1354983
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Nephrotoxicity is generally considered as the most clinically significant adverse reaction of amphotericin B, and has been reported in up to 80% of amphotericin B recipients during the first 2 weeks of treatment. Numerous experimental and clinical investigations have been performed over the past 4 decades,...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.721775
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Literature regarding acute human toxicity of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) is limited. OBJECTIVES:Our objectives were to describe all cases of overdose with MMF or EC-MPS reported to the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre (STIC) or in the literature between...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2014.903032
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an alkalinizing lysosomatropic drug that accumulates in lysosomes where it inhibits some important functions by increasing the pH. HCQ has proved to be effective in a number of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Areas covered: In this review the me...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2017.1269168
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinical data on the long-term safety and efficacy of infliximab on psoriatic patients who are older than 65 years are limited. OBJECTIVES:The aim is to report the long-term efficacy, safety and tolerance of infliximab in geriatric patients. METHODS:This was a retrospective study conducted at the Departmen...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14740338.2016.1226279
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of women worldwide use the combined oral contraceptive pill as an effective form of contraception. However, the focus on its side effects to date has mainly been on physical aspects, even though the most commonly stated reason for discontinuation is depression. There are surprisingly few large studies investi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.6.4.371
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been extensively studied since the discovery of agents within bone that could induce bone formation at ectopic sites by Urist in the 1960s. Extensive preclinical research has been carried out showing the efficacy of these products in promoting bone healing. Clinical trials are e...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.4.1.75
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Amiodarone is the most widely used antiarrhythmic agent, with demonstrated effectiveness against all the spectrum of cardiac tachyarrhythmias. The risk of adverse effects acts as a limiting factor to its utilization especially in the long term. This article systematically reviews the published evidence on ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.660915
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Reslizumab, a humanized mAb against IL-5, reduces the number of eosinophils in the blood and lungs. Based on efficacy and safety data from pivotal RCTs, reslizumab had been approved for use as an add-on maintenance treatment of severe asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype in adults who have a history of ex...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1446940
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Clozapine remains the most effective antipsychotic for treatment-refractory schizophrenia. However, ~40% of the patients respond insufficiently to clozapine. Clozapine's effects, both beneficial and adverse, have been proposed to be partially attributable to its main metabolite, N-desmethylclozapine (NDM...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2020.1698545
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Brimonidine tartrate and brinzolamide eye drops are often used as third and fourth line treatment options to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Better tolerated, more effective topical agents requiring once daily instillation including prostaglandin ana...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14740338.2017.1346083
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widespread application of protocols using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists in assisted reproduction treatment has led to an increasing number of pregnancies exposed to these drugs. This issue has raised scepticism as to the safety of these medications, concerning both pregnant women an...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.3.1.39
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections has been extensively observed worldwide and has become a priority issue over past decade. Tigecycline , a broad spectrum antibiotic covering against many MDR organisms, has been widely used. However, recent meta-analysis studies have raised a concern fo...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.997206
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In patients with acromegaly, somatostatin analogs (SSA) represent the first choice medical treatment. The long-acting SSA have been found to be effective in controlling growth hormone and IGF-I levels in a high percentage of patients, resulting in an improvement in the quality of life; moreover, these pept...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1059817
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the risk of elevated transaminases associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors use in patients with cancer. METHODS:Studies eligible for our analysis included randomized Phase II and III trials of patients with cancer on ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizuma...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1085969
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Higher vancomycin concentrations are thought necessary for treatment of deep-seated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, yet this may result in greater risk of nephrotoxicity. We evaluated the relationship of serum vancomycin trough concentration with clinical outcomes and nephrotoxic...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14740330903413514
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ixabepilone is a semisynthetic analogue of epothilone B, a novel microtubule-stabilizing agent. Preclinical data suggest that its mechanisms of actions are different from those of the most commonly used microtubule-stabilizing agent, paclitaxel. This information in addition to the cytotoxicity of this drug in taxane-r...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740330802655538
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Despite the beneficial effect of imatinib treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia patients, some patients develop resistance and/or intolerance and need a switch to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Dasatinib is indicated for chronic myeloid leukemia patients with resistance or intoler...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740331003742935
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00