Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to describe the most recent trends and epidemiologic patterns of fatal injuries resulting from explosions in Iraq, one of the countries most affected by violence from explosive devices. METHODS:Iraqi Ministry of Health (MoH) routine prospective injury surveillance collects information on all fatal injuries recorded by coroners from physical examinations, police reports, and family members in eight governorates of Iraq: Baghdad, Al-Anbar, Basrah, Erbil, Kerbala, Maysan, Ninevah, and Al-Sulaimaniya. This study analyzed explosive-related fatal injuries that occurred from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2013. RESULTS:Analysis included 2,803 fatal injuries. The number of fatal injuries declined from 2010 through 2012, followed by an increase in 2013. One-thousand one-hundred and one explosion-related fatalities were documented in 2013, more than twice as many as in 2012 or in 2011. Most fatalities were among men aged 20-39 years. Of all causalities, 194 (6.9%) were among females and 302 (10.8%) were among children aged less than 18 years. The majority of fatalities were caused by improvised explosive devices (IEDs): car bombs (15.3%), suicide bombs (4.0%), and other IEDs (29.6%). The highest number of fatalities occurred in streets and roads. Of all deaths, 95.6% occurred in three governorates: Baghdad, Ninevah, and Al-Anbar. CONCLUSIONS:Explosives continue to result in a high number of fatal injuries in Iraq. Following a period of declining violence from explosives, in 2013, fatalities increased. Most explosion-related injuries resulted from IEDs; males aged 20-39 years were at greatest risk.
journal_name
Prehosp Disaster Medjournal_title
Prehospital and disaster medicineauthors
Bilukha OO,Leidman EZ,Sultan AS,Jaffar Hussain Sdoi
10.1017/S1049023X15005300subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-12-01 00:00:00pages
586-92issue
6eissn
1049-023Xissn
1945-1938pii
S1049023X15005300journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The current Fire/Emergency Medical Services (EMS) model throughout the United States involves emergency vehicles which respond from a primary location (ie, firehouse or municipal facility) to emergency calls. Quick response vehicles (QRVs) have been used in various Fire/EMS systems; however, their effectiven...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X15004732
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abuse or unintended overdose (OD) of opiates and heroin may result in prehospital and emergency department (ED) care. Prehospital naloxone use has been suggested as a surrogate marker of community opiate ODs. The study objective was to verify externally whether prehospital naloxone use is a surrogate marker ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X15004793
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Following the recommendations of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) to develop standards for training the undergraduates in disaster-relevant fields (2004), a German curriculum was approved in 2006. This paper aims to describe the level of training and i...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X17000280
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Expatriate healthcare professionals frequently participate in international relief operations that are initiated in response to disasters due to natural hazards or humanitarian emergencies in low resource settings. This practice environment is significantly different from the healthcare delivery environmen...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00007445
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak on the willingness of laypersons to provide bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using standard CPR (SCPR) or compression-only CPR (CCPR) was evaluated. The preferred type of SCPR in the post-SARS era was assessed. METHODS:A descrip...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00004957
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In 2009, the Institute of Medicine published guidelines for implementation of Crisis Standards of Care (CSC) at the state level in the United States (US). Based in part on the then concern for H1N1 pandemic, there was a recognized need for additional planning at the state level to maintain health system pr...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X20001089
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In October 2004, a World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) Seminar was convened in Brusselsby the Education Committee to discuss Disaster Education and Training. During this seminar, it became apparent that there was no single tool available to assess knowledge, skills, and resources within this ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00003629
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Emergency pediatric life support (EPLS) of children infected with transmissible respiratory diseases requires adequate respiratory protection for medical first responders. Conventional air-purifying respirators (APR) and modern loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirator-hoods (PAPR-hood) may have a dif...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12001525
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Anecdotal observations about prehospital emergency medical care in major natural and human-made disasters, such as earthquakes, have suggested that some injured victims survive the initial impact, but eventually die because of a delay in the application of life-saving medical therapy. METHODS:A multidisci...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00041005
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a cascade of risks associated with a hazard evolving into a disaster that consists of the risk that: (1) a hazard will produce an event; (2) an event will cause structural damage; (3) structural damage will create functional damages and needs; (4) needs will create an emergency (require use of the local respo...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X16000285
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Using the pediatric version of the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (JumpSTART) algorithm for the triage of pediatric patients in a mass-casualty incident (MCI) requires assessing the results of each step and determining whether to move to the next appropriate action. Inappropriate application can lead to...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X15005002
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of newborns in a disaster zone can be extremely challenging. The effects of the disaster combine with local health care disparity to give these neonates little chance of survival in the event of even minor complications. Rescue teams arriving at such locations must be prepared to handle and to aid these ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X15005403
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Surge capacity is defined as a healthcare system's ability to rapidly expand beyond normal services to meet the increased demand for appropriate space, qualified personnel, medical care, and public health in the event ofbioterrorism, disaster, or other large-scale, public health emergencies. There are many...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00005719
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detonation of a nuclear device in a US city would be catastrophic. Enormous loss of life and injuries would characterize an incident with profound human, political, social, and economic implications. Nevertheless, most responders have not received sufficient training about ionizing radiation, principles of radiati...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X1400003X
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, widespread flooding devastated the New Orleans healthcare system. Prior studies of post-hurricane healthcare do not consistently offer evidence-based recommendations for re-establishing patient care post-disaster. The primary objective of this study is to examine associ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00005549
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inadequately controlled chronic diseases may present a threat to life and well-being during the emergency response phase of disasters. Chronic disease exacerbations (CDE) account for one of the largest patient populations during disasters, and patients are at increased risk for adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE:T...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00005835
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Morbidity and mortality due to acute but treatable conditions remain high in the developing world, as many significant barriers exist to providing emergency medical care. This study investigates these barriers in a rural region of Ethiopia. HYPOTHESIS:The limited capacity of frontline healthcare workers t...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00005240
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A case is presented in which a 43-year-old man suffering from a severe asthma attack, had ventilatory arrest during a hoisting procedure. Based on this experience, the influence of three hoisting techniques on lung function was tested. METHODS:The ventilatory capacity of 12 healthy volunteers was tested d...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was aimed to analyze post-disaster birth outcomes in coastal and inland regions of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. METHODS:Primary data sets were compiled from birth records of obstetric facilities and 12,808 patients were analyzed for baseline birth outcomes by region. Regional risk analysis of the lo...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X18000183
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This Supplement is a Report of the Conference convened by the South East Asia Regional Office (SEARO) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The Conference was a follow-up to the WHO Conference of May 2005 in Phuket, Thailand on the Earthquake and Tsunami of 26 December 2004. The invitational meeting brou...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of chest injuries, oxygen therapy for respiratory failure, and the outcomes of victims after the Jiangsu tornado, which occurred on June 23, 2016 in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China. METHODS:The clinical records of 144 patients referred to Yancheng City...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X20000345
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:No standard exists for provision of care following catastrophic natural disasters. Host nations, funders, and overseeing agencies need a method to identify the most effective interventions when allocating finite resources. Measures of effectiveness are real-time indicators that can be used to link early ac...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X14000922
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction Many Syrians have left their country and migrated to other countries since March 2011, due to the civil war. As of March 2016, a total of 2,747,946 Syrian refugees had immigrated to Turkey. Some Syrian refugees have been living in camps, while 2,475,134 have been living in metropolitan areas, such as Anka...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S1049023X18000134
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The global burden of cardiovascular mortality is increasing, as is the number of large-scale humanitarian emergencies. The interaction between these phenomena is not well understood. This review aims to clarify the relationship between humanitarian emergencies and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. MET...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S1049023X14001356
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, concerns have been raised regarding the threat of a radiological terrorist weapon. Although the probability of the employment of a nuclear device is remote, the potential of a radiological dispersal device (RDD) or "dirty bomb" is of conce...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00003836
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compares the performance of two commercially available devices (Ambu TubeChek and SCOTI) in establishing endotracheal (ET) tube position (oesophageal vs. tracheal) in a mannequin and in miniature pigs. The Ambu TubeChek is a syringe-type, Oesophageal Detector Device (ODD) that fits to the endotracheal tube ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Currently, there is no widely available method to evaluate an emergency department disaster plan. Creation of a standardized patient database and the use of a virtual, live exercise may lead to a standardized and reproducible method that can be used to evaluate a disaster plan. PURPOSE:A virtual, live exe...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00005999
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden onset disasters (SODs) have affected over 1.5 billion of the world's population in the past decade. During the same time, developing nations have faced a sustained increase in the burden of non-communicable disease (NCD) with extra pressure placed on health systems. The combined increase in SODs and the NCD epi...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X17006707
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 7.8 MW (moment magnitude scale) earthquake that hit Nepal on April 25, 2015 caused significant casualties and serious damage to infrastructure.The Israeli Emergency Medical Team (IEMT; later verified as EMT-3) was deployed 80 hours after the earthquake. A Forward Disaster Scout Team (FDST) that was dispatched to t...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X18000936
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Despite a global increase in conservative treatment of blunt liver injuries, the number of surgically treated traumas in one major trauma center in Iran has increased. The aim of this study was to unveil the reasons behind this increase in operative management by studying 228 consecutive patients at this r...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00007081
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00