Abstract:
:The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) is essentially a lineage-oriented classification based on a presumable developmental tree of CNS. A four-tiered WHO grading scheme has been successfully applied to a spectrum of diffusely infiltrative astrocytomas, but it is not fully applicable to other gliomas, including oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas. Recent genetic studies have revealed that the major categories of gliomas, such as circumscribe astrocytomas, infiltrating astrocytomas/oligodendrogliomas, and glioblastoma, roughly correspond to major genetic alterations, including isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) 1/2 mutations, TP53 mutations, co-deletion of chromosome arms 1p/19q, and BRAF mutation/fusion. These genetic alterations are clinically significant in terms of the response to treatment(s) and/or the prognosis. It is, thus, rational that future classification of gliomas should be based on genotypes, rather than phenotypes, although the genetic features of each tumor are not sufficiently understood at present to draw a complete map of the gliomas, and genetic testing is not yet available worldwide, particularly in Asian and African countries. This review summarizes the current concepts of the WHO classification, as well as the current understanding of the major genetic alterations in glioma and the potential use of these alterations as diagnostic criteria.
journal_name
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)journal_title
Neurologia medico-chirurgicaauthors
Komori Tsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
28-37eissn
0470-8105issn
1349-8029journal_volume
55 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has not been recognized as a surgical option for hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), since hydrocephalus following aneurysmal SAH is considered to result from the communicating component. However, obstructions in the ventricular system may exist, so ...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.49.449
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present report describes our experience with air transfer of patients with acute ischemic stroke in whom intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) failed for rescue endovascular therapy (EVT). Twenty-three consecutive patients in whom IV t-PA failed were transferred to our hospital for rescue EVT between ...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.cr.2014-0235
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 20-year-old female presented with dysphasia and slight hemiparesis following a head trauma, who had a non-treated growing skull fracture which had remained asymptomatic for about 18 years, despite an encephalocele in the left parietal region. Neuroimaging demonstrated secondary brain damage and herniated brain resul...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.34.807
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The angiographic findings in 31 Yugoslav moyamoya patients, 16 males and 15 females, including four children, were studied by conventional or digital subtraction angiography. The angiographic findings were reviewed for stenoocclusive lesions, form of the main cerebral arteries, transdural anastomoses, and basal vascul...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.37.512
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 76-year-old female presented with a large upper basilar artery (BA) aneurysm causing obstructive hydrocephalus after coil embolization manifesting as diplopia. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography showed a large BA top aneurysm. Coil embolization was performed. More than 6 months after the first coil e...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.52.832
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Head injuries due to high-velocity missiles and shrapnel as a result of military conflicts have become a very important cause of death or severe neurological deficits. Military-type missiles have high velocities and transfer higher amounts of energy to neural tissue, compared to civil-type missiles. This physical phen...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.45.281
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parent artery occlusion (PAO) is an alternative to surgical clipping or endovascular endosaccular coil embolization for the management of cerebral aneurysms. Most giant and fusiform aneurysms are not amenable to endosaccular coil embolization due to anatomical considerations, such as a broad-neck. However, majority of...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships between event-related potential (P300), higher brain functions, and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were examined in 31 neurosurgical patients. The P300 latency, evaluated by an acoustic "odd-ball" paradigm, was normal in 14 and prolonged in 17 patients. Fourteen of 17 prolonged P300 patients had...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.33.146
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 29-year-old female with neurofibromatosis presented with a right lumbar lateral meningocele. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a huge right retroperitoneal cyst expanding anterolaterally and displacing the right kidney. CT following myelography disclosed the cyst expanding through a wide defect of the right ...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.35.905
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 39-year-old male presented with a spinal neurinoma originating from the T-1 anterior root and located ventral to the spinal cord. The tumor was removed by hemilaminectomy with only partial facetectomy without costotransversectomy. No stabilization was necessary, and no complications secondary to surgery occurred. Co...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.39.685
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 38-year-old woman presented with a case of post-traumatic ethmoidal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that was repaired using a purely endoscopic endonasal approach. Six weeks after a mild domestic maxillofacial trauma, she started complaining of clear, watery discharge from the left nostril and headache. Neuroimaging ...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.51.222
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), previously called venous angiomas, are the most frequently encountered cerebral vascular malformations. However, DVA is considered to be rather an extreme developmental anatomical variation of medullary veins than true malformation. DVAs are composed of dilated medullary veins co...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0030
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Complications associated with intraarterial papaverine infusion occurred in two patients treated for vasospasm due to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A 42-year-old male with an anterior communicating artery aneurysm underwent craniotomy and aneurysm clipping. Five days after the SAH occurred, angiography demonstrated m...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.40.112
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 41-year-old man presented with low-velocity gunshot injury in the right abdomen. Neuroimaging showed the bullet located in the L2-3 intervertebral disc space, but neurological examination found no abnormalities. Exploratory laparotomy was performed because of retroperitoneal hematoma. Two months after the gunshot in...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.48.188
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma (SICH) is even now high worldwide, especially higher in Japan than in Western countries, despite the development of advances in blood pressure (BP) management and food/alcohol intake education. Although mortality and morbidity for SICH are high, some controversies re...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0327
更新日期:2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::A 68-year-old woman presented with an extremely rare intracranial metastasis from a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) manifesting as left hemiparesis 2 years after resection of a sacral tumor adjacent to the coccygeal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intracranial tumor in the right parietal lobe. Crani...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.46.254
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malpositioning of cervical screws risks neurovascular injury. A cervical screw fixation system can provide proper rigidity, alignment correction, and high rates of fusion afforded by high pullout biomechanical strength. The objective is to assess the dimensions and axis of the C3-C7 cervical pedicles. A 1-mm slice thi...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.oa.2013-0287
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgical approaches for stabilizing the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) are classified as either anterior or posterior approaches. Among the anterior approaches, the established method is anterior odontoid screw fixation. Posterior approaches are classified as either atlanto-axial fixation or occipito-cervical (O-C) fi...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0342
更新日期:2016-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::New radiation modalities have made it possible to prolong the survival of individuals with malignant brain tumors, but symptomatic radiation necrosis becomes a serious problem that can negatively affect a patient's quality of life through severe and lifelong effects. Here we review the relevant literature and introduc...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2176/nmc.ra.2014-0188
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate cerebral reactions to cognitive rehabilitation tasks, oxyhemoglobin changes were compared in 9 patients with cognitive impairments after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 47 healthy controls using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during nine cognitive rehabilitation tasks employed at Nagoya ...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.53.299
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been few clinical studies in the area of cervical spine that focused on surgery for treating degenerative lumbar disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High rates of wound complications and instrumentation failure have been reported more for RA than for non-RA patients, although clinical outcom...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.oa2012-0299
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients presented with sciatica-like pain caused by thoracic disk herniation. Sciatica-like pain was the initial and major symptom in both patients, but careful neurological examination showed vague signs of upper motor neuron disturbance, and thoracic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed disk herniations at ...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.51.67
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 54-year-old female presented subarachnoid hemorrhage from an aneurysm arising from the anterior (dorsal) wall of the internal carotid artery (ICA). During four-vessel angiography, an extravasated saccular pooling of contrast medium emerged in the suprasellar area unrelated to any arterial branch. The saccular poolin...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.39.40
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 61-year-old female developed subarachnoid hemorrhage after trans-sphenoidal surgery for Rathke's cleft cyst. Neuroradiological examination revealed a large aneurysm at the C1 portion of the right internal carotid artery. Autopsy revealed marked proliferation of aspergillus hyphae in the wall of the aneurysm. A revie...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2176/nmc.31.346
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors investigated the analgesic effects of small morphine doses injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of normal rats and hypophysectomized (Hx) rats. An injection cannula was stereotactically inserted into the PVN or third ventricle. On the 5-7th postoperative day, morphine (7 micrograms) was injected...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.31.629
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The committee of Brain Tumor Registry of Japan (BTRJ) was founded in 1973 and conducts surveys and analyses of incidence, therapeutic methods, and treatment outcomes of primary and metastatic brain tumors with the cooperation of the Japan Neurosurgical Society members. Newly diagnosed 3,000-4,000 primary brain tumors ...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2176/nmc.ra.2014-0348
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elderly and low Karnofsky performance status (KPS) patients have been excluded from most prospective trials. This retrospective study investigated glioblastoma treatment outcomes, including those of elderly and low KPS patients, and analyzed the prognostic factors using the medical records of 107 consecutive patients,...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.52.570
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persisting embryonal infundibular recess (PEIR) is a rare anomaly of the third ventricular floor. Only eight cases have been published. In this report, a case of presumably Rathke's cleft cyst associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage caused by PEIR is described. An 81-year-old woman underwent endoscopic transspheno...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.cr2013-0014
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 38-year-old female presented with vertigo, right hearing disturbance, and slight headache which were treated medically. However, she suddenly developed severe headache with vomiting and vertigo. Computed tomography revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage, and right vertebral angiography disclosed a rare aneurysm at the dis...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.35.587
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 77-year-old female presented with a giant aneurysm of the azygos anterior cerebral artery (ACA) manifesting as acute onset of akinetic mutism caused by enlargement of the aneurysm resulting from rapid thrombus formation within the aneurysmal sac. Thrombus removal to obtain decompression of the aneurysmal bulk and te...
journal_title:Neurologia medico-chirurgica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2176/nmc.40.472
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00