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Toxicity of mixtures of λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid and cadmium on the earthworm Eisenia fetida by combination index (CI)-isobologram method.

Abstract：

:Contaminants in the environment do not appear singly and usually occur as mixtures. We applied the combination index (CI)-isobologram method which allows computerized quantitation of synergism, additive effect and antagonism to determine the nature of toxicological interactions of two pesticides λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and heavy metal cadmium towards earthworm Eisenia fetida. In an artificial soil test, λ-cyhalothrin and Cd combination was slightly synergistic at low effect levels which turned into a slight antagonism above f(a) values of 0.6, while the binary mixtures containing imidacloprid exhibited antagonism. The presence of imidacloprid in the ternary mixture also resulted in an antagonistic effect to the earthworms. This behavior became more antagonistic in the ternary mixture in filter paper tests.

journal_name

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

journal_title

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

authors

Wang Y,Chen C,Qian Y,Zhao X,Wang Q,Kong X

doi

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.015

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-01-01 00:00:00

pages

242-7

eissn

0147-6513

issn

1090-2414

pii

S0147-6513(14)00481-3

journal_volume

111

pub_type

杂志文章

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