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A clinical study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschool children--prevalence and differential diagnoses.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:We aimed to examine (1) the prevalence and characteristics of ADHD in preschool children, and (2) differential diagnoses among children who display symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity in early childhood. METHODS:The participants were children living in Kanie-cho, in Japan's Aichi Prefecture, who underwent their age 5 exams at the municipal health center between April 2009 and March 2011. We first extracted children who were observed to be inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive during their age 5 exams and considered as possibly having ADHD. We conducted follow-ups with these children using post-examination consultations, visits to preschools, and group rehabilitation. The results of the age 5 exams were combined with behavior observations and interview content obtained during subsequent follow-ups. A child psychiatrist and several clinical psychologists discussed these cases and made a diagnosis in accordance with the DSM-IV-TR. RESULTS:91 (15.6%) of the 583 children selected were considered as possibly having ADHD; we were able to conduct follow-ups with 83 of the 91 children. Follow-up results showed that 34 children (5.8% of all participants) remained eligible for a diagnosis of ADHD. Diagnoses for the remaining children included: pervasive developmental disorders (six children, or 6.6% of suspected ADHD children), intellectual comprehension problems (four children, or 4.4%), anxiety disorders (seven children, or 7.7%), problems related to abuse or neglect (four children, or 4.4%), a suspended diagnosis for one child (1.1%), and unclear diagnoses for 29 children (31.9%). CONCLUSIONS:ADHD tendencies in preschool children vary with changing situations and development, and the present study provides prevalence estimates that should prove useful in establishing a diagnostic baseline.

journal_name

Brain Dev

journal_title

Brain & development

authors

Nomura K,Okada K,Noujima Y,Kojima S,Mori Y,Amano M,Ogura M,Hatagaki C,Shibata Y,Fukumoto R

doi

10.1016/j.braindev.2013.11.004

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-10-01 00:00:00

pages

778-85

issue

eissn

0387-7604

issn

1872-7131

pii

S0387-7604(13)00307-0

journal_volume

pub_type

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A clinical study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschool children--prevalence and differential diagnoses.