Abstract：
:We investigated the potential role of defensive chemicals in the avoidance of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) by the cooccurring amphipod,Gammarus pseudolimnaeus at two spring brooks: Carp Creek, Michigan and Squabble Brook, Connecticut. We conducted observations and laboratory experiments on the consumption of watercress, the toxicity of damaged (frozen) watercress, and the toxicity of damage-released secondary chemicals. Field-collected yellowed watercress typically lacked the bite and odor characteristic of green watercress and was consumed byG. pseudolimnaeus. G. pseudolimnaeus strongly preferred yellowed watercress to green watercress despite the higher nitrogen content of the latter (2.7 vs 5.4%), and usually consumed five times more yellowed watercress (>50% of yellowed leaf area vs. <8% of green leaf area presented). Fresh green watercress contained seven times more phenylethyl glucosinolate than yellowed watercress (8.9 mg/g wet vs. 1.2 mg/g). Cell-damaged (frozen) watercress was toxic toG. pseudolimnaeus (48-hr LC50s: ca. 1 g wet/liter), and the primary volatile secondary chemicals released by damage were highly toxic. The predominant glucosinolate hydrolysis product, 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate had 48-hr LC50s between 0.96 and 3.62 mg/liter, whereas 3-phenylpropionitrile was less toxic, with 48-hr LC50s between 130 and 211 mg/liter. These results suggest that live watercress is chemically defended against consumption. The glucosinolate-myrosinase system, recognized as the principle deterrent system of terrestrial crucifers, is also possessed byN. officinale and may contribute to defense from herbivory by aquatic crustaceans. This system may be just one of many examples of the use of defensive chemicals by stream and lake macrophytes.
journal_name
J Chem Ecoljournal_title
Journal of chemical ecologyauthors
Newman RM,Kerfoot WC,Hanscom Z 3rddoi
10.1007/BF01021282subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
245-59issue
1eissn
0098-0331issn
1573-1561journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This study was designed to compare the chemistry of elaiosomes of three sympatric species ofTrillium to discover if there are correlations between chemistry and dispersal rates by ants. We quantified the amount of proteins and neutral lipids and qualitatively analyzed the fatty acids occurring in triglyceride, diglyce...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00993754
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Ramat were extracted sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The methanol fraction, when incorporated into artificial diet was found to reduce the growth of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hubner) larvae at concentrations between 500 and 5000 ppm of diet. Fractiona...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:joec.0000018631.67394.e5
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Communication during tandem running inPachycondyla obscuricornis is chemically mediated by a pheromone produced in the pygidial gland, which is composed of a cluster of gland cells and an associated reservoir located beween the 6th and 7th tergites of the gaster. The secretion of the gland appears to be transferred to...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00988543
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pear barkminer moth, Spulerina astaurota Meyrick (Gracillariidae: Gracillariinae), is a harmful pest of the Asian-pear tree. Pheromone components of the female were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with an electroantennographic (EAG) detector and GC coupled with mass spectrometry. The analyses of a crude pherom...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-011-0032-3
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemically based resistance of plants to herbivorous insects is today essentially synonymous with allelochemically based resistance; the importance of plant secondary compounds in determining patterns of host-plant utilization has been established in a wide variety of insect-plant interactions. In contrast, primary me...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02033799
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantities of attractive (exo-brevicomin and frontalin) and inhibitory (trans-verbenol, verbenone, and ipsdienol) pheromones were monitored in both sexes ofDendroctonus brevicomis during their colonization of a ponderosa pine. Verbenone was found in males in the greatest amounts at the time of landing, and it declined...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00987969
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2002-2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (-)-alpha-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-009-9613-9
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In response to feeding damage, Lima bean releases herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV), which are generally assumed to attract carnivorous arthropods as an indirect defense. While many studies have focused on such tritrophic interactions, few have investigated effects of HIPV on herbivores. I used natural herbivor...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:joec.0000030299.59863.69
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardenolide content of the gut, wings, and fat body ofOncopeltus fasciatus was examined. The female fat body contained 4-5% of the total cardenolide content of the insect. The cardenolide content of male fat body, and gut and wings of both sexes was below the detection limit of the cardenolide assay. Thin-layer ch...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00988575
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phlorotannins are ubiquitous secondary metabolites in brown algae that are phenotypically plastic and suggested to have multiple ecological roles. Traditionally, phlorotannins have been quantified as total soluble phlorotannins. Here, we modify a quantification procedure to measure, for the first time, the amount of c...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-005-0984-2
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the hypothesis that wood-boring beetles in the genus Monochamus (Cerambycidae) utilize pheromones of sympatric bark beetles as host-finding kairomones. All nine bark beetle pheromones tested electrophysiologically were antenally active for both sexes of M. scutellatus, M. clamator, and M. obtusus from ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010353315939
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A system is described for the collection of volatiles produced by plants and insects that minimizes stresses on the plant or insect in an environment that is free from chemical impurities. Air entering a volatile collection chamber containing insects and/or plants was purified using a nonwoven fabric medium infused wi...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00980075
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli) is an endangered scarab beetle living in hollow trees. It has mainly been known for its characteristic odor, typically described as a fruity, peachlike or plumlike aroma. The odor emanating from a single beetle can sometimes be perceived from a distance of several meters. In this paper, we ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1022850704500
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants that contain elevated foliar metal concentrations can be categorized as accumulators or, if the accumulation is extreme, hyperaccumulators. The defense hypothesis suggests that these plants may be defended against folivore attack, and recent research has indicated that metal concentrations at or below the accum...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-005-9000-0
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diseases of marine organisms, and sponges in particular, are increasingly reported worldwide. Prior research indicates that the survival of sponges on reefs is due largely to their production of biologically active secondary metabolites that provide protection from a diversity of stressors. Aplysina Red Band Syndrome ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-012-0099-5
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants have evolved intricate defence strategies against herbivore attack which can include activation of defence in response to stress-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by neighbouring plants. VOCs released by intact molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora), have been shown to repel stemborer, Chilo parte...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01122-z
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attraction of (2E,4E,6R,10R)-4,6,10,12-tetramethyl-2,4-tridecadien-7-one [1; (6R,10R)-matsuone] and its antipode [2; (6S,10S)-matsuone] toMatsucoccus thunbergianae males was studied in the laboratory and in the field. They showed stronger response to1. In laboratory bioassays, the threshold concentrations for male att...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02033196
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subsocial tenebrionid Parastizopus armaticeps Pér. is parasitized by the closely related Eremostibes opacus Koch (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). We found that the pygidial defensive secretions of both species are similar and contain a mixture of 1,4-benzoquinones, 1-alkenes, and monoterpene hydrocarbons. The 1-alkene...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-006-9028-9
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical communication is a dominant method of communication throughout the animal kingdom and can be especially important in group-living animals in which communicating threats, either from predation or other dangers, can have large impacts on group survival. Social insects, in particular, have evolved a number of ph...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-017-0821-4
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The elytra of females of the white-spotted longhorn beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), are coated with a contact sex pheromone, which was previously shown to be composed of at least three chemical groups. Individually, the chemical groups had little pheromonal activity, but a blend of all three ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01069-1
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Egg deposition by the Large Cabbage White butterfly Pieris brassicae on Brussels sprouts plants induces indirect defense by changing the leaf surface, which arrests the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae. Previous studies revealed that this indirect defense response is elicited by benzyl cyanide (BC), which is pres...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-012-0132-8
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has become a common technique for volatile sampling due to its ease of use and limited technical requirements. The solvent-free nature of SPME is also exceptionally attractive for gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. To ensure efficient transfer of the sample to the...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-021-01247-0
更新日期：2021-01-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Feeding of theophylline to hornet workers from their moment of eclosion during the summer results in the following effects on the hornets: loss of appetite for proteins, inhibited ovarial development, no cell-building activity, negative phototaxis, gradual slow-down of spontaneous motor activity, difficulty in flight ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00984011
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compounds from the metasternal and Brindley's glands of the blood-sucking bug, Triatoma infestans, were identified by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds released by adult bugs during copulation or after mechanical disturbance were also characterized. Six com...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-006-9127-7
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sex pheromone of the obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni, consists of (1R*,2R*,3S*)-(2,3,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentyl)methyl acetate, the first example of a new monoterpenoid structural motif in which the two isoprene units forming the carbon skeleton are joined by 2'-2 and 3'-4 connections rather than the usual ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-005-9320-0
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Yunnan pine caterpillar Dendrolimus houi Lajonquière is a serious defoliator of coniferous forests in southwestern China. Gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) analyses of extracts of female sex pheromone glands of D. houi moths revealed the presence of three compounds eliciting antennal responses. Thes...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-007-9313-2
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adoxophyes honmai, a serious pest of tea plants, prefers to lay eggs on mature tea leaves rather than young leaves. Here, we examined a hypothesis that Ascogaster reticulata, an egg-larval parasitoid of A. honmai, increases the likelihood of encountering host egg masses by searching mature tea leaves when host-derived...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-021-01250-5
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Volatile organic compounds derived from non-host plants, Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Corymbia citriodora, and Ruta graveolens, can be used to mask host plant odors, and are repellent to the tea geometrid, Ectropis obliqua. Volatile compounds were collected by headspace absorption, and the components were...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-013-0344-6
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maize, a genetically diverse crop, is the domesticated descendent of its wild ancestor, teosinte. Recently, we have shown that certain maize landraces possess a valuable indirect defense trait not present in commercial hybrids. Plants of these landraces release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that attract bo...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-015-0570-1
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Investigation of the lipid extract of the Australian chrysomelid beetle,Monolepta australis, has revealed a novel homologous series of long-chain, unsaturated-saturated dialkyl ethers in the cuticular wax. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, proton magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and chemical degradation ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02027787
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
