Abstract:
:Plants that contain elevated foliar metal concentrations can be categorized as accumulators or, if the accumulation is extreme, hyperaccumulators. The defense hypothesis suggests that these plants may be defended against folivore attack, and recent research has indicated that metal concentrations at or below the accumulator range may be defensively effective. This experiment explored the toxicity of four metals hyper-accumulated by plants (Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and asked if combinations of metals, or metals and organic chemicals, might broaden the defensive effectiveness of metals. Metals were used alone and in certain metal + metal (Zn plus Ni, Pb, or Cd) and metal + organic defensive chemical (Ni plus tannic acid, atropine, or nicotine) combinations. Artificial diet amended with these treatments was fed to larvae of the crucifer specialist herbivore Plutella xylostella. Combinations of metals and metals + organic chemicals significantly decreased survival and pupation rates, compared to single treatments, for at least some concentrations in every experiment. Effects of combinations were additive rather than synergistic or antagonistic. Because Zn enhanced the toxicity of other metals and Ni enhanced the toxicity of organic defensive chemicals, our findings suggest that the defensive effects of metals are more widespread among plants than previously believed. They also support the hypothesis that herbivore defense may have led to the evolution of metal hyper-accumulation by increasing the preexisting defensive effects of metals at accumulator levels in plants.
journal_name
J Chem Ecoljournal_title
Journal of chemical ecologyauthors
Jhee EM,Boyd RS,Eubanks MDdoi
10.1007/s10886-005-9000-0keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-02-01 00:00:00pages
239-59issue
2eissn
0098-0331issn
1573-1561journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cuticular hydrocarbons are among the prime candidates for nestmate recognition in social insects. We analyzed the variation of cuticular hydrocarbons in the termite species M. subhyalinus in West Africa (Comoë National Park) on a small spatial scale (< 1 km). We found considerable variation in the composition of cutic...
journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02059739
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01041727
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02751103
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01041857
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s10886-005-0984-2
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01012116
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02028506
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/a:1020569303433
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avoidance of occupied ovisposition sites supposes that females perceive information related to their own progency. Fatty acids identified from egg extracts have been reevaluated using a different extraction method, and we have investigated the dose-dependent oviposition response of European grape vine moths (Lobesia b...
journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02040207
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00988424
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coupled gas chromatographic (GC)-electroantennographic detection (EAD) analyses of ovipositor extract of calling Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor, females revealed that seven compounds elicited responses from male antennae. Four of the compounds-(2S)-tridec-2-yl acetate, (2S,10Z)-10-tridecen-2-yl acetate, (2S,10E)-10...
journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three compounds have been identified as sex pheromone components produced by female fall webworm moths,Hyphantria cunea (Drury). These compounds are: (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal (I), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal (II), and (Z,Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene (III). The ratio of these compounds was approximately 5∶6...
journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00987787
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Since the mid 1990s, Phytophthora ramorum has been responsible for the widespread mortality of tanoaks, as well as several oak species throughout California and Oregon forests. However, not all trees die, even in areas with high disease pressure, suggesting that some trees may be resistant to the pathogen. In this stu...
journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00985011
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information processing in the olfactory pathway underlying the perception of semiochemicals by insects is discussed. Both the chemical message for mates and the message for food consist of blends of chemicals. Olfactory receptors in an insect species are tuned to the detection of those compounds which comprise such ch...
journal_title:Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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