Conjugated estrogens for the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a review of safety data.

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:Conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) are widely used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, such as vasomotor symptoms and vulvovaginal atrophy, and for the prevention of bone loss, in postmenopausal women. The safety profile of CEE has been extensively published over the past 20 years. AREAS COVERED:Data from randomized controlled trials and from observational studies on the effects of CEE on the risk of breast cancer, endometrial cancer or hyperplasia, other cancers, cardiovascular outcomes, and cognitive function are reviewed. When used alone, CEE are not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and may be associated with reduced mortality. The risk of cardiovascular events with CEE may be reduced in women who are more recently postmenopausal. EXPERT OPINION:Numerous clinical studies have evaluated the safety of CEE. The data reviewed in this article describe the breast, endometrial, and cardiovascular safety of unopposed CEE. International recommendations describe CEE as the menopausal symptom treatment of choice, particularly in young or recently postmenopausal hysterectomized women.

journal_name

Expert Opin Drug Saf

authors

Mirkin S,Komm BS,Pickar JH

doi

10.1517/14740338.2013.824965

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-01-01 00:00:00

pages

45-56

issue

1

eissn

1474-0338

issn

1744-764X

journal_volume

13

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Depression as a side effect of the contraceptive pill.

    abstract::Millions of women worldwide use the combined oral contraceptive pill as an effective form of contraception. However, the focus on its side effects to date has mainly been on physical aspects, even though the most commonly stated reason for discontinuation is depression. There are surprisingly few large studies investi...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.6.4.371

    authors: Kulkarni J

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00

  • Statin use and the risk of breast cancer: a population-based case-control study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of statins was associated with breast cancer risk. BACKGROUND:Experimental studies have shown that statins have potential protective effects against cancer. METHODS:We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. Cases consisted of all p...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2014.885949

    authors: Chan TF,Wu CH,Lin CL,Yang CY

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • The rational use of potentially hepatotoxic medications in patients with underlying liver disease.

    abstract::Given the fact that as many as 9% of all adverse drug reactions involve toxic effects on the liver and with upwards of 50% of all cases of fulminant hepatic failure being ascribed to acetaminophen and other agents, the safe use of medications takes on an even greater importance whenever the prescription of potentially...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.1.2.159

    authors: Lewis JH

    更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00

  • Psychiatric symptoms associated with ephedra use.

    abstract::The objective of this review is to describe psychiatric adverse events occurring after ingestion of dietary supplements containing herbal ephedra and to assess the possible relationship between supplement use and the events. The authors reviewed all adverse event reports related to dietary supplements containing herba...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.4.5.879

    authors: Maglione M,Miotto K,Iguchi M,Hilton L,Shekelle P

    更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00

  • Safety of GnRH agonists and antagonists.

    abstract::The widespread application of protocols using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists in assisted reproduction treatment has led to an increasing number of pregnancies exposed to these drugs. This issue has raised scepticism as to the safety of these medications, concerning both pregnant women an...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.3.1.39

    authors: Tarlatzis BC,Bili H

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Safety of celecoxib compared with placebo and non-selective NSAIDs: cumulative meta-analysis of 89 randomized controlled trials.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Further understand the safety profile of celecoxib and provide safety information for important adverse events (AEs). METHODS:Analysis of randomized controlled trials from the Pfizer clinical trial repository (final study reports completed by 31 July 2011) in which celecoxib was compared with placebo or non-...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2013.780595

    authors: Essex MN,Zhang RY,Berger MF,Upadhyay S,Park PW

    更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00

  • Do we need to worry about mycophenolate overdose?

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:To discuss the significance of the recent observational case series from the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre (STIC). Mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its prodrug mycophenolate mofetil are immunosuppressive agents that are frequently prescribed in renal transplant recipients, and their safety profiles mus...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 评论,社论

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2014.905540

    authors: Filler G,Ferrand A

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected paediatric patients.

    abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:HIV-infection has become a chronic disease in paediatric patients with the potential for long-term survival and exposure to antiretroviral (ARV) therapies for 2 decades longer than HIV-infected adults. On the other hand, the administration of ARV to HIV-infected pregnant women has greatly increa...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740330903579991

    authors: Viganò A,Cerini C,Pattarino G,Fasan S,Zuccotti GV

    更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00

  • Database size and power to detect safety signals in pharmacovigilance.

    abstract::Most regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies focus the majority of their pharmacovigilance on safety signal identification in large databases. GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has > 100 drugs marketed worldwide. In order to determine which database has the highest statistical power to detect safety signals in three larg...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.6.6.713

    authors: Hammond IW,Gibbs TG,Seifert HA,Rich DS

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Paliperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders - a drug safety evaluation.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Paliperidone, the major active metabolite of risperidone, is a second-generation antipsychotic that has been developed as an extended-release (ER) oral formulation and a long-acting injectable paliperidone palmitate (PP) formulation. Paliperidone has demonstrated efficacy in the reduction of acute schizoph...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14740338.2017.1288716

    authors: Mauri MC,Reggiori A,Paletta S,Di Pace C,Altamura AC

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • The adverse-effect profile of lacosamide.

    abstract::Introduction: Lacosamide has been used in epilepsy patients in the United States, Europe and Asia since it was approved by the FDA in 2008. Many patients have benefited from this drug as a new generation of sodium channel blocker. With the worldwide use of this drug, its adverse effects have gradually emerged, especia...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14740338.2020.1713089

    authors: Li J,Sun M,Wang X

    更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00

  • Safety and tolerability of antipsychotic-mood stabilizer co-treatment in the management of acute bipolar disorder: results from a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Mood stabilizer (MS) plus antipsychotic (AP) co-treatment is common in patients with acute bipolar disorder (BD), but adverse effects (AEs) of this strategy have not been systematically reviewed. AREAS COVERED:We conducted a systematic review searching PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO on April 1, 2015 for rand...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1053457

    authors: Galling B,Garcia MA,Osuchukwu U,Hagi K,Correll CU

    更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00

  • A safety evaluation of aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Aripiprazole is a third generation antipsychotic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of schizophrenia. Aripiprazole is available as oral and long-acting injectable (LAI) depot formulations, with a unique mechanism of action comprising partial D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A agon...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/14740338.2020.1832990

    authors: Preda A,Shapiro BB

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • The inhibition of first-pass metabolism of ethanol by H2-receptor antagonists: a tabulated review.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:In the 1980s-1990s numerous studies were performed on H2-receptor antagonist inhibition of ethanol first-pass metabolism. Blood alcohol concentrations warranting possible driving under the influence citations in the United States have subsequently dropped from ≥100 mg/dL to 50 mg/dL (Utah in 2019) (30 mg/d...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14740338.2018.1512969

    authors: Moody DE

    更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00

  • Drug-induced parkinsonism.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is the second most common cause of parkinsonism after idiopathic Parkinson's disease (iPD). Initially reported as a complication of antipsychotics, it was later recognized as a common complication of antidepressants, calcium channel antagonists, gastrointestinal prokinetics,...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2013.787065

    authors: López-Sendón J,Mena MA,de Yébenes JG

    更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00

  • The cardiac safety of trastuzumab in the treatment of breast cancer.

    abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Trastuzumab has become a mainstay in the treatment of women with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancer in the metastatic and adjuvant settings. Although trastuzumab is generally well tolerated, cardiac toxicity has emerged as a rare but potentially serious ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740331003627441

    authors: Chien AJ,Rugo HS

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Safety Pharmacology Society: 8th annual meeting.

    abstract::Of the numerous topics discussed during the eighth annual meeting of the Safety Pharmacology (SP) Society the author identified the following key topics: i) the impact of hERG (human ether-à-go-go related gene) channel data on drug development, ii) safety evaluation of biological products, iii) opportunities and expec...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1517/14740330902760360

    authors: Cavero I,Safety Pharmacology Society.

    更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00

  • Application of bone morphogenetic proteins in orthopaedic practice: their efficacy and side effects.

    abstract::Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been extensively studied since the discovery of agents within bone that could induce bone formation at ectopic sites by Urist in the 1960s. Extensive preclinical research has been carried out showing the efficacy of these products in promoting bone healing. Clinical trials are e...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.4.1.75

    authors: Harwood PJ,Giannoudis PV

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pegylated-interferon-α(2a) in clinical practice: how to manage patients suffering from side effects.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The goal of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C is to slow or halt the progression of fibrosis and prevent the development of cirrhosis. Accordingly, antiviral treatment is proposed for a large population of patients with chronic hepatitis. AREAS COVERED:The standard-of-care for chronic...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.559161

    authors: Calvaruso V,Mazza M,Almasio PL

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Phosphate binders for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis: a comparison of safety profiles.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hyperphosphatemia is common in the late stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with elevated parathormone levels, abnormal bone mineralization, extraosseous calcification and increased risk of cardiovascular events and death. Several classes of oral phosphate binders are available to help...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2014.907791

    authors: Locatelli F,Del Vecchio L,Violo L,Pontoriero G

    更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00

  • Statin use and the risk of gallstone disease: a population-based case-control study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of statins was associated with a decreased risk of gallstone disease. METHODS:We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. Cases consisted of all patients who were aged 50 years and older and had a first-time diagnosis of gallstone dis...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.653560

    authors: Chiu HF,Chen CC,Kuo HW,Lee IM,Wu TN,Yang CY

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with gemcitabine: rare but real.

    abstract::Gemcitabine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare complication of gemcitabine treatment with an incidence ranging from 0.015 to 1.4%. Clinically, this disease manifests as haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and renal insufficiency; hypertension and neurological and pulmonary symptoms are also know...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1517/14740330902942299

    authors: Saif MW,Xyla V,Makrilia N,Bliziotis I,Syrigos K

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Statin use and the risk of kidney cancer: a population-based case-control study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the use of statins was associated with kidney cancer risk. METHODS:We conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan. Cases consisted of all patients who were aged 50 years and older, and had a first-time diagnosis of kidney cancer for the period between 2005 and 2009. The c...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.678831

    authors: Chiu HF,Kuo CC,Kuo HW,Lee IM,Lee CT,Yang CY

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Italian monitoring registries: a tool for a safer use of innovative drugs? Data from the national pharmacovigilance system.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Our aim was to investigate the ADR reports of drugs with a monitoring registry (MR drugs), in particular those related to abuse/misuse, medication error, overdose, which might indicate an unsafe use. We compared these reports with those of similar drugs without a registry (non-MR drugs), thus verifying wheth...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1080/14740338.2016.1248942

    authors: Magro L,Arzenton E,Moretti U,Sottosanti L,Potenza S,Leone R

    更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00

  • Influenza vaccination in patients with end-stage renal disease.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are considered at higher risk of influenza-related complications and are listed worldwide among the subjects for whom yearly influenza vaccination is strongly recommended. However, influenza vaccination coverage of patients with ESRD is significantly lower than ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1053459

    authors: Principi N,Esposito S,ESCMID Vaccine Study Group (EVASG).

    更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00

  • The safety of lanreotide for neuroendocrine tumor.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Lanreotide autogel is a synthetic somatostatin analogue which has been FDA and EMA approved for unresectable, well to moderately differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Its action is mediated by its affinity to somatostatin receptors, especially sst2 and ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1080/14740338.2019.1559294

    authors: Godara A,Siddiqui NS,Byrne MM,Saif MW

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Safety considerations when prescribing immunosuppression medication to pregnant women.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:In the past two decades, the number of women with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases experiencing a pregnancy has significantly increased in parallel with the enormous advances in the diagnosis and management of these disorders. However, information regarding the safety of immunosuppressive agents comes ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2014.951326

    authors: Gerosa M,Meroni PL,Cimaz R

    更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00

  • Efficacy and safety of adalimumab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:In the last couple of years, the number of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases being treated with TNF α antagonist has increased dramatically. Adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against TNF α, is one of the most frequently administered TNF α antagonists. Yet, unresolved issues ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.581661

    authors: Poddubnyy D,Rudwaleit M

    更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00

  • Causality assessment in drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

    abstract::Drugs are currently an important cause of liver disease, ranked as the most frequent reason for acute liver failure. Despite recent advances in knowledge of the mechanisms implicated in drug-induced hepatocellular damage and cholestasis, as well as the identification of several risk factors, the diagnosis of hepatotox...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.3.4.329

    authors: Andrade RJ,Camargo R,Lucena MI,González-Grande R

    更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation of dolutegravir safety for the treatment of HIV-1.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dolutegravir (DGV) is the newest integrase inhibitor approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in both treatment-naive and experienced adults and adolescents. This article reviews the safety of DGV for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. AREAS COVERED:The PubMed database was searched using the keywords ...

    journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.973845

    authors: Keeshin SW,Feinberg J

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00