Abstract：
:The purpose of this study was to compare and correlate the effect of age group, sex, depth of water immersion, and the heart rate (HR) assessed out of the water on the HR behavior in individuals subjected to head-out water immersion. A total of 395 healthy individuals of both sexes, aged between 07 and 75 years, underwent vertical head-out water immersion. Heart rate was assessed out of the water in the supine and orthostatic (OHR) positions and at immersion depths corresponding to the ankle, knee, hip, umbilicus, xiphoid process, acromion, neck, and also the neck with the arms out of the water. The formula (ΔHR = OHR - HR immersion depth) was used to calculate the reduction in HR at each immersion depth. No age-based or sex-based differences in HR were found. The greater the depth of the water, the greater was the decrease in HR (p < 0.05); however, no differences were found between the HR values obtained below the depth corresponding to the umbilicus. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between OHR and ΔHR measured at levels below the depth corresponding to the umbilicus (e.g., xiphoid process level: r = 0.62; p < 0.05). Therefore, this study suggests to appropriately prescribe the intensity of water-based exercise intensity performed during vertical immersion: OHR should be measured before the individual entering the aquatic environment; ΔHR should be measured according to the depth at which exercise is to be performed, and we suggest an adaptation to Karvonen's HRmax prediction formula (predicted HRmax: 220 - age - ΔHR) to prescribe and control the intensity of the exercise performed during vertical immersion.
journal_name
J Strength Cond Resjournal_title
Journal of strength and conditioning researchauthors
Kruel LF,Peyré-Tartaruga LA,Coertjens M,Dias AB,Da Silva RC,Rangel ACdoi
10.1519/JSC.0b013e318295d534subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-01-01 00:00:00pages
281-9issue
1eissn
1064-8011issn
1533-4287journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Numerous studies have shown that stretching routines can induce strength and force deficits, although the amount of stretching needed to cause these deficits remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between varying amounts of acute static stretching on jumping performance. B...
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