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Interactions between exotic invasive plants and soil microbes in the rhizosphere suggest that 'everything is not everywhere'.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:The study of soil biota in the context of exotic plant invasions has led to an explosion in our understanding of the ecological roles of many different groups of microbes that function in roots or at the root-soil interface. Part of this progress has been the emergence of two biogeographic patterns involving invasive plants and soil microbes. First, in their non-native ranges invasive plants commonly interact differently with the same soil microbes than native plants. Second, in their native ranges, plants that are invasive elsewhere commonly interact functionally with soil microbes differently in their home ranges than they do in their non-native ranges. These studies pose a challenge to a long-held paradigm about microbial biogeography - the idea that microbes are not limited by dispersal and are thus free from the basic taxonomic, biogeographical and evolutionary framework that characterizes all other life on Earth. As an analogy, the global distribution of animals that function as carnivores does not negate the fascinating evolutionary biogeographic patterns of carnivores. Other challenges to this notion come from new measurements of genetic differences among microbes across geographic boundaries, which also suggest that meaningful biogeographic patterns exist for microorganisms. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS:We expand this discussion of whether or not 'everything is everywhere' by using the inherently biogeographic context of plant invasions by reviewing the literature on interactions among invasive plants and the microorganisms in the rhizosphere. We find that these interactions can be delineated at multiple scales: from individual plants to continents. Thus the microbes that regulate major aspects of plant biology do not appear to be exempt from the fundamental evolutionary processes of geographical isolation and natural selection. At the important scales of taxonomy, ecotype and ecosystem functions, the fundamental ecology of invaders and soil microbes indicates that everything might not be everywhere.

journal_name

Ann Bot

journal_title

Annals of botany

authors

Rout ME,Callaway RM

doi

10.1093/aob/mcs061

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-07-01 00:00:00

pages

213-22

issue

eissn

0305-7364

issn

1095-8290

pii

mcs061

journal_volume

110

pub_type

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Interactions between exotic invasive plants and soil microbes in the rhizosphere suggest that 'everything is not everywhere'.