Abstract:
:The development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is a major problem in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with interferon-beta (IFN-ß). Whereas binding antibodies (BAbs) can be demonstrated in the vast majority of patients, only a smaller proportion of patients develop NAbs. The principle in NAb in vitro assays is the utilization of cultured cell lines that are responsive to IFN-ß. The cytopathic effect (CPE) assay measures the capacity of NAbs to neutralize IFN- ß's protective effect on cells challenged with virus and the MxA induction assay measures the ability of NAbs to reduce the IFN-ß-induced expression of MxA, either at the mRNA or the protein level. A titer of >20 neutralizing units/ml traditionally defines NAb posi-tivity. NAbs in high titers completely abrogate the in vivo response to IFN-ß, whereas the effect of low and intermediate titers is unpredictable. As clinically important NAbs appear only after 9-18 months IFN- ß0 therapy, short-term studies of two years or less are unsuitable for evaluation of clinical NAb effects. All long-term trials of three years or more concordantly show evidence of a detrimental effect of NAbs on relapses, disease activity on MRI, or on disease progression. Persistent high titers of NAbs indicate an abrogation of the biological response and, hence, absence of therapeutic efficacy, and this observation should lead to a change of therapy. As low and medium titers are ambiguous treatment decisions in patients with low NAb titres should be guided by determination of in vivo mRNA MxA induction and clinical disease activity.
journal_name
Ther Adv Neurol Disordjournal_title
Therapeutic advances in neurological disordersauthors
Sorensen PSdoi
10.1177/1756285608095144subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-01 00:00:00pages
125-41issue
2eissn
1756-2856issn
1756-2864journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The treatment of neuropathic pain is difficult. Oral pharmaceuticals have significant side effects, and treatment efficacy tends to be modest. The use of topical analgesics reduces the potential for systemic side effects and allows direct application of medications to the area of pain. The natural spicy substance, cap...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756285613501576
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy has been considered a novel central nervous system autoimmune disease characterized by relapse and responsiveness to corticosteroid with a specific GFAP-Immunoglobulin G (IgG) being noted in cerebrospinal fluid. We report the case of a 21-year-old girl p...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type:
doi:10.1177/1756286420909973
更新日期:2020-06-03 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Gastrointestinal (GI) events are common adverse events (AEs) associated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an approved treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The objective of the TOLERATE study was to evaluate GI tolerability and GI mitigation via symptomatic therapies in pat...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756286418768775
更新日期:2018-04-18 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD) are of great importance for improving the design of future clinical trials. Various neurotoxic models are available, including 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), paraquat and rotenone. However, no model is considered perfect;...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756285611413004
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is increasingly being recognized as one of the most important medical and social problems in older people in industrialized and non-industrialized nations. To date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this disease, all trying to counterbalance the neurotransmitter disturbance. Three choline...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756285612461679
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prolonged-release (PR) fampridine is the only approved medication to improve walking in multiple sclerosis (MS), having been shown to produce a clinically meaningful improvement in walking ability in the subset of MS patients with Expanded Disability Status Scale 4-7. Recent responder subgroup analyses in the phase II...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756286418803248
更新日期:2018-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Key objectives in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) include prevention of relapses, a reduction in the accumulation of disability and slowing of the brain volume loss that occurs from the earliest stages of the disease. Teriflunomide, a once-daily, oral immunomodulatory therapy, has demonstrated efficacy across...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756285617722500
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Efficacy of interferon beta in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be dampened in patients who develop neutralizing antidrug antibodies (NAbs). Peginterferon beta1a is an interferon conjugated with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety. Pegylation increases a drug's half life and exposure, and may also reduce immunogen...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756285616633967
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous heritable connective tissue disorder with various neurological manifestations, including chronic pain. The neurological manifestations in EDS are often regarded as being caused by the associated musculoskeletal disorders or polyneuropathy. Here, we present two patients w...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type:
doi:10.1177/1756286418793766
更新日期:2018-08-18 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Galcanezumab, along with three other monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway, represents the latest disease-specific and mechanism-based treatment for the prophylaxis of migraine. Galcanezumab shares data also for the prophylaxis of cluster headache. Objective:To p...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756286420918088
更新日期:2020-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::Topiramate has been widely utilized worldwide as an effective medication against partial- and generalized-onset seizures. Extended-release topiramate was developed to provide patients with the convenience of once-daily dosing and potentially improved tolerability by reducing serum concentration fluctuation. USL255 is ...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756285615578406
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::For patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), there are currently six approved medications that have been shown to alter the natural course of the disease. The approved medications include three beta interferon formulations, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab and mitoxantrone. Treating aggressive forms...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756285609344375
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the approval in 2010 of fingolimod 0.5 mg (Gilenya; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland) in the USA as an oral therapy for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, long-term clinical experience with this therapy has been increasing. This review provides a summary of the cumulative dataset from clinical trials a...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756285616628766
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The BEtaferon®/BEtaseron® in Newly Emerging MS For Initial Treatment (BENEFIT) trial assessed the efficacy of early versus delayed treatment with interferon beta-1b for patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either interferon beta-1b 250 μg every other day (early t...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756285614549554
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Demyelinization of nerve fibres not only affects the motor and sensory systems functionally, but may also cause psychopathological signs and symptoms. In addition to the psychiatric manifestations of MS, many patients have reacti...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756285608100325
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:To investigate outcome and toxicity of high-dose systemic methotrexate (HDMTX)-based polychemotherapy and intracerebroventricular (ICV) chemotherapy via an Ommaya reservoir in elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis on patients ⩾65...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756286420951087
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Although the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) is well known, prognostic markers are not yet available. We assessed the utility of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody (AChR-ab) titer and concentration of C3, C4, and C5a as potential severity biomarkers in MG. Methods:Levels of C3, C4, C5a, and ...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756286420935697
更新日期:2020-08-10 00:00:00
abstract::Brain atrophy, white matter abnormalities, and ventricular enlargement have been described in different neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the substantial advancement of brain imaging in neuromuscular diseases by consulting the main libraries (Pubmed, Scopus and Google Schol...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756286419845567
更新日期:2019-05-06 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Whole brain atrophy (WBA) estimates in multiple sclerosis (MS) correlate more robustly with clinical disability than traditional, lesion-based metrics. We compare Structural Image Evaluation using Normalisation of Atrophy (SIENA) with the icobrain longitudinal pipeline (icobrain long), for assessment of long...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756286418823462
更新日期:2019-01-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
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doi:10.1177/1756285615601933
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756285609104791
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756285613499424
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain imaging is increasingly used to support clinicians in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) and monitoring its progression. However, the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in MS goes far beyond its clinical application. Indeed, advanced imaging techniques have helped to detect different components of MS patho...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756286419859722
更新日期:2019-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis is generally considered as an effective method in improving damage associated with intracerebral occlusions in moyamoya disease. Hemodynamic changes caused by revascularization are the cause of many postoperative complications. Of the 186 consecutive surge...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type:
doi:10.1177/1756286419878343
更新日期:2019-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Our inability to identify the invasive margin of glioblastomas hampers attempts to achieve local control. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been implemented clinically to delineate the margin of the tumor infiltration, its derived anisotropic (q) values can extend beyond the contrast-enhanced area and correlates clos...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756286419844664
更新日期:2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive, recessively inherited neuromuscular disease, characterized by the degeneration of lower motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, which leads to weakness and muscle atrophy. SMA currently represents the most common genetic cause of infant death. SMA is caused by th...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756285618754501
更新日期:2018-02-05 00:00:00
abstract:Introduction:Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) are well-known disorders caused by thiamine deficiency. In addition to the classical concept of these diseases, some literature data suggest a connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and WE/WKS. Psychotic disorders and WKS seem to run ...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type:
doi:10.1177/1756286420938972
更新日期:2020-07-30 00:00:00
abstract:Background:To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of different antihypertensive drugs in stable patients after acute hemorrhagic stroke (HS). Methods:From January 2001 to December 2013, patients with first-ever primary HS were identified in the National Health Insurance Research Database, Taiwan. Patients with tra...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756286418802688
更新日期:2018-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::Until the early 1990s, a limited number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were available. Since then, a large variety of new AEDs have been developed and introduced, several of them offering new modes of action. One of these new AED families is described and reviewed in this article. Levetiracetam (LEV) and brivaracetam (...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/1756286419873518
更新日期:2019-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::More than 30% of epilepsy patients remain refractory despite the advent of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) over two decades. Although a small percentage of these refractory patients may become seizure free when a new AED is added, combined administration of AEDs or the application of novel AEDs is the most common thera...
journal_title:Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/1756285609355850
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00