Abstract:
:Spirulina is free-floating filamentous microalgae growing in alkaline water bodies. With its high nutritional value, Spirulina has been consumed as food for centuries in Central Africa. It is now widely used as nutraceutical food supplement worldwide. Recently, great attention and extensive studies have been devoted to evaluate its therapeutic benefits on an array of diseased conditions including hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycerolemia, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancer, and viral infections. The cardiovascular benefits of Spirulina are primarily resulted from its hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory activities. Data from preclinical studies with various animal models consistently demonstrate the hypolipidemic activity of Spirulina. Although differences in study design, sample size, and patient conditions resulting in minor inconsistency in response to Spirulina supplementation, the findings from human clinical trials are largely consistent with the hypolipidemic effects of Spirulina observed in the preclinical studies. However, most of the human clinical trials are suffered with limited sample size and some with poor experimental design. The antioxidant and/or antiinflammatory activities of Spirulina were demonstrated in a large number of preclinical studies. However, a limited number of clinical trials have been carried out so far to confirm such activities in human. Currently, our understanding on the underlying mechanisms for Spirulina's activities, especially the hypolipidemic effect, is limited. Spirulina is generally considered safe for human consumption supported by its long history of use as food source and its favorable safety profile in animal studies. However, rare cases of side-effects in human have been reported. Quality control in the growth and process of Spirulina to avoid contamination is mandatory to guarantee the safety of Spirulina products.
journal_name
Cardiovasc Therjournal_title
Cardiovascular therapeuticsauthors
Deng R,Chow TJdoi
10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00200.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-01 00:00:00pages
e33-45issue
4eissn
1755-5914issn
1755-5922pii
CDR200journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Thrombus formation in a disrupted endothelium is influenced not only by the platelet redox state and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species but also by the presence of endogenous or exogenous antioxidants. Thrombus formation in the stenotic arteries is triggered predominantly by attenuated shear stress. Superoxide and n...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00161.x
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Aspirin resistance is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in aspirin-treated patients. Poor compliance may explain many cases of "resistance," yet few clinical studies have used objective measurement of therapy compliance. We did so in a case-controlled study. METHODS:We enrolled patients within...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00188.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been defined as the new cardiovascular "epidemic". Its prevalence is rising in developed countries, and the associated social and economic costs are high. In the last few years, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms of AF and its management. New pharmacother...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12090
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The antianginal agent ranolazine (R) has shown some promise as an antiarrhythmic agent but its mechanism of action is not known. Previously, we have shown that R suppresses ventricular arrhythmias at a concentration >10 μM that may affect multiple ion currents including IKr. PURPOSE:The present study was ca...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00203.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that intensive lipid lowering using rosuvastatin results in regression of coronary plaques. However, few data exist regarding lipid profiles over time, drug tolerability, and the effects of prior use of lipid lowering agents in patients on rosuvastatin treatment. Therefore,...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12027
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance found in clinical practice, increasing in prevalence with age. AF is often associated with structural heart disease, although a significant proportion has no detectable heart disease. In the last 2 decades, there has been an increase of 6...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00216.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Platelet activation participates in the development of both coronary artery disease (CAD) and circulating microparticles (MPs). As a commonly used medicine for coronary heart disease, whether aspirin affects the function of MPs remains unclear. AIMS:This study was designed to test MPs from healthy subject...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12273
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have shown that stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), first known as a cytokine involved in recruiting stem cells into injured organs, confers myocardial protection in myocardial infarction, which is not dependent on stem cell recruitment but related with modulation of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00301.x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antitumor drug. However, its clinical use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and even progresses to chronic heart failure (CHF). OBJECTIVE:This study aims to investigate whether the Nrf2 activator, sulforaphane (SFN), can prevent DOX-induced CHF. METHODS:Male ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12277
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prediabetes is an intermediate hyperglycaemic state which has been associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. However, cardiovascular dysfunction is not only caused by intermediate hyperglycaemia but also endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress associated with prediabetes. Bredemolic acid (BA), an...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/1936406
更新日期:2020-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:The drug efficacy may differ among different statins, and evidence from head-to-head comparisons is sparse and inconsistent. The study is aimed at comparing the lipid-lowering/increasing effects of 7 different statins in patients with dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes mellitus by conducting s...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1155/2020/3987065
更新日期:2020-04-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The origin of dyspnea in chronic heart failure (HF) is multifactorial, and excessive ventilation is thought to play a role in inducing this symptom. Chemosensivity is augmented in HF, correlates with increased pulmonary ventilation (VE), and is an adverse prognostic marker. Despite increased blood levels of ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00297.x
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Thrombocytopenia was intuitively considered to be associated with higher risk of bleeding and multiple comorbidities after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, controversial results exist, and the real-world clinical impact of thrombocytopenia in patients undergoing PCI is largely unknown. The ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2021/8836450
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Accelerated atherosclerosis and microvascular complications are the leading causes of coronary heart disease, stroke, blindness, and end-stage renal failure, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rates in patients with diabetes. Recent clinical studies have substantiated the concept of "hyperglycemic...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2007.00038.x
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alternative medications as a term call up many different meanings, significance, and perceptions to various medical practitioners. Some are good; others are bad. A wide range of alternative medications with relevance or connection to cardiovascular (CV) disease have been considered. While many are worthless, others ha...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00101.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Statins are known to prevent heart failure (HF). However, it is unclear whether statins as class or type (lipophilic or hydrophilic) improve outcomes of established HF. AIMS:The current meta-analysis was performed to compare the treatment effects of lipophilic and hydrophilic statins on inflammation and c...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12150
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Anticoagulation is a common treatment modality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Further studies are needed to appropriately assess the risk/benefit ratio of anticoagulation, particularly in PAH patients receiving PAH-specific therapies. AIMS:We use observational long-term data on PA...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12281
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potassium (K(+) ) channels are important in cardiovascular disease both as drug targets and as a cause of underlying pathology. Voltage-dependent K(+) (K(V) ) channels are inhibited by the class III antiarrhythmic agents. Certain vasodilators work by opening K(+) channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00227.x
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to participate in the process of vascular repair, thus playing a protective role against cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is known that atherosclerotic risk factors could affect EPC number and function. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to t...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00264.x
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is the most fearful side effect of oral anticoagulant therapy. It is still unclear which risk factor is involved in ICH during vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) treatment and if commonly used bleeding risk scores are able to predict ICH. PURPOSE:Search for individual risk factors an...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12458
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is responsible for the majority of ATP production in mammals and does this through a rotary catalytic mechanism. Studies show that the F1F0 ATP synthase can switch to an ATP hydrolase, and this occurs under conditions seen during myocardial ischemia. This ATP hydrolysis causes wasti...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2008.00065.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular dysfunction are common and associated with poor prognosis in HF patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). The role of pulmonary vasodilator therapy for these patients is currently unclear. AIMS:We sought to evaluate the safety and cl...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12111
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery are associated with a significant systemic inflammatory response that has been suggested playing a causative role in the development of perioperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). The goal of this meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of glucocorticoid prophylaxis in ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12062
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) may complicate an episode of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), potentially leading to cardiogenic shock. Beta-blockers are considered the most suitable treatment for such complication. AIM OF THE STUDY:The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemodynam...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12182
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The systematic review and meta-analysis are to evaluate the effect of t Telmisartan on atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal AF. METHODS:MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Random controlled trials (RCTs) were conduct...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12073
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The transplant vasculopathy as a sign of chronic graft rejection affects both the epicardial and the intramyocardial arteries of the graft. This is at least partially mediated by NO synthases. The aim of this study was to assess possible protective effects of cyclosporine A (CsA), tacrolimus (FK506), and myco...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12181
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The effectiveness of statin pretreatment in reducing the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has been examined in some observational and randomized studies, yielding controversial results. AIM:This study sought to evaluate the role of atorvastatin in prevention of CIN in diabetic patients with...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12108
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) commonly have varying degrees of coexisting cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and proper management is complicated partly because of a lack of unifying guidelines. The aim of this article is to review the current literature and propose the optim...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00087.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mode of death in chronic heart failure (CHF) may be of relevance to choice of therapy for this condition. Sudden death is particularly common in patients with early and/or mild/moderate CHF. β-Blockade may provide better protection against sudden death than ACE inhibition (ACEI) in this setting. METHODS:We ...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1755-5922.2010.00185.x
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Rap1, a member of Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins, is involved in cardiovascular biology in numerous ways. It is an evolutionary conserved regulator of adhesion, polarity, differentiation and growth. AIMS:Our aim was to analyze Rap1-activated rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for...
journal_title:Cardiovascular therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1755-5922.12248
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00