Abstract:
:Inpatients (n = 57) on long term prophylaxis with 2 oral phenytoin preparations were followed up via monthly checks of serum drug concentrations. Duplicate serum aliquots were submitted to 2 laboratories, and covariance analysis was used to estimate laboratory error. The laboratory-associated variance of examinations using the 'EMIT' or 'TDX' systems was 7.1 to 10 (mg/L)2, while that of chromatographic assays was 37.1 (mg/L)2. Laboratory errors were distributed in a non-normal fashion. The ratio of the maximum rate of metabolism (Vmax) and the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) tended to remain constant between individuals. A linear analytical model showed little more residual variance than one based on Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics.
journal_name
Clin Pharmacokinetjournal_title
Clinical pharmacokineticsauthors
Costeff H,Groswasser Z,Soroker N,van Belle Gdoi
10.2165/00003088-199120040-00007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-04-01 00:00:00pages
331-5issue
4eissn
0312-5963issn
1179-1926journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In the original publication, Page 3, Sect. 4.3, the first sentence was incorrectly published. ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s40262-018-0633-x
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Olmesartan medoxomil (CS-866) is a new orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist that is highly selective for the AT1 receptor subtype. OBJECTIVE:To develop a population pharmacokinetic model for olmesartan (RNH-6270), the active metabolite of olmesartan medoxomil, in healthy volunteers and hypertens...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.2165/00003088-200544120-00011
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esmolol is an ultra short-acting intravenous cardioselective beta-antagonist. It has an extremely short elimination half-life (mean: 9 minutes; range: 4 to 16 minutes) and a total body clearance [285 ml/min/kg (17.1 L/h/kg)] approaching 3 times cardiac output and 14 times hepatic blood flow. The alpha-distribution hal...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199528030-00002
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydroxymetabolites of the antidepressants nortriptyline and desipramine, like the parent drugs, inhibit neuronal uptake of noradrenaline (norepinephrine). In both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the concentrations of the 10-hydroxymetabolites of nortriptyline (10-OH-NT) are usually higher than those of the paren...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199528010-00004
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since up to 90% of a theophylline dose is biotransformed, drugs influencing microsomal enzyme systems in the liver may affect the elimination of theophylline. Other integrated mechanisms (e.g. hepatic uptake) may also be altered by concurrent administration of other drugs. Whatever the mechanism, the interaction may b...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-198409040-00002
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Because of the vulnerability and frailty of elderly adults, clinical drug development has traditionally been biased towards young and middle-aged adults. Recent efforts have begun to incorporate data from paediatric investigations. Nevertheless, the elderly often remain underrepresented in clinical trials, e...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-016-0422-3
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pemetrexed is used for the treatment for non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. Patients with renal impairment are withheld treatment with this drug as it is unknown what dose is well tolerated in this population. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of our study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pemet...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-020-00972-1
更新日期:2021-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Amiodarone is an iodinated benzofuran derivative with recognised antiarrhythmic activity in man. As yet, its pharmacokinetic behaviour has not been satisfactorily characterised. Specific and sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatographic methods have become available only recently and this partly explains the scarcity...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-198409020-00002
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent international guidelines on the detection, clinical assessment and management of patients with hypertension have highlighted a number of themes that should be incorporated into routine clinical practice. First, although antihypertensive therapy is having a major impact on reducing the incidence of coronary hear...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199937001-00004
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:In hypo-albuminemia, the extent of albumin binding of a drug decreases. The resulting change in plasma protein binding only rarely leads to clinically relevant changes in unbound drug exposure. Nevertheless, in the critically ill, a tendency to increase dosing of anti-infective therapy is seen in patients ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0549-x
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consistent with its highest abundance in humans, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A is responsible for the metabolism of about 60% of currently known drugs. However, this unusual low substrate specificity also makes CYP3A4 susceptible to reversible or irreversible inhibition by a variety of drugs. Mechanism-based inhibition of ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200544030-00005
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Caspofungin is an echinocandin antifungal agent used as first-line therapy for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. The maintenance dose is adapted to body weight (BW) or liver function (Child-Pugh score B or C). We aimed to study the pharmacokinetics of caspofungin and assess pharmacokineti...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-015-0347-2
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of a new multiple-dose non-linear regression analysis program to predict steady-state aminoglycoside peak and trough serum concentrations was evaluated. 30 patients receiving either amikacin (7), gentamicin (10) or tobramycin (13) were studied. A standard method of prediction which requires the collection ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-198308050-00006
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:A simple approach is proposed to predict drug clearance in children when no paediatric data are available for drugs metabolised by cytochromes. METHODS:The maturation functions of cytochrome activity and binding proteins in plasma were combined with several measures of body size to describe dr...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0596-3
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The half-life of a drug, which expresses a change in concentration in units of time, is perhaps the most easily understood pharmacokinetic parameter and provides a succinct description of many concentration-time profiles. The calculation of a half-life implies a linear, first-order, time-invariant process. No drug per...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-200140040-00001
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs have been well described in experimental animal models; however, only minimal data exist for humans and the current knowledge regarding the effects of diabetes on these properties remains unclear. Nevertheless, it has been observed ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/11631900-000000000-00000
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fondaparinux sodium is a novel antithrombotic agent, the first of a new class of selective factor Xa inhibitors. It has favourable pharmacokinetics including 100% bioavailability, low variability and a mean terminal half-life of 17 hours for young and 21 hours for elderly healthy volunteers, enabling once-da...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-200241002-00002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Clearance is an important pharmacokinetic concept for scaling dosage, understanding the risks of drug-drug interactions and environmental risk assessment in children. Accurate clearance scaling to children requires prior knowledge of adult clearance mechanisms and the age-dependence of physiolo...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-200645070-00004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last 15 years the role of opioids in anaesthesia management has undergone dramatic change. Initially used as premedicants, or adjuvants to inhalation anaesthetic agents or as analgesics for postoperative pain relief, narcotics have now evolved into primary anaesthetic agents, primarily because of their ability ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-198611010-00002
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The critically ill patient occupies an increasing amount of time and bed space in modern hospital practice, and also commands increasing expenditure. Drug therapy in these patients has, in the past, been based on data derived from healthy volunteers, fit anaesthetised patients undergoing minor operative procedures, or...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-198814060-00003
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for topical ophthalmic application. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma to lower the intraocular pressure. After absorption via the cornea and stroma, it inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary process, which leads to a reduction of aqueous humour production and the...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200241030-00004
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a considerable range in the dose of many drugs that is required to produce a given pharmacological effect in an individual patient. This individual variation in dose requirement is sometimes reflected in the wide scatter in the steady state plasma concentration that follows the same oral dose of a drug given ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-197702010-00004
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of artemether and lumefantrine (benflumetol) is a new and very well tolerated oral antimalarial drug effective even against multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. The artemether component is absorbed rapidly and biotransformed to dihydroartemisinin, and both are eliminated with terminal half-lives of ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199937020-00002
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethnic or racial differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been attributed to the distinctions in the genetic, physiological and pathological factors between ethnic/racial groups. These pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic differences are also known to be influenced by several extrinsic factors such as soci...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-200645100-00001
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of grepafloxacin in healthy male subjects following single oral administration of doses ranging from 200 to 1200 mg, and following repeated oral administration of 400 and 800 mg doses are reported. Plasma levels of grepafloxacin reached a peak within 2 hours (on average) following drug administrat...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.2165/00003088-199700331-00003
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Warfarin, like all the 4-hydroxycoumarin compounds, has an asymmetric carbon atom. The clinically available warfarin preparations consist of a racemic mixture of equal amounts of 2 distinct S and R isomers, the former being 4-times more potent as anticoagulant and more susceptible to drug interaction. Warfarin is high...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199630040-00003
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is increasing despite the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Initial reports suggest that the use of antiretrovirals with good central nervous system (CNS) penetration leads to better neurocognitive outcomes, but this has not yet ...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s40262-015-0257-3
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) is an ultra-fast-acting formulation of insulin aspart (IAsp). This post hoc analysis investigated the pharmacokinetics of faster aspart versus IAsp, measured as free or total IAsp, and the relationship between anti-IAsp antibodies and the pharmacokinetics/pharmacody...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s40262-018-0718-6
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since its discovery in 1970, and introduction into clinical practice in 1978, cyclosporin has become the most important immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ transplant rejection. This has been achieved by virtue of the improved graft survival rates and adverse effect profiles in patients when compared with tha...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199732050-00002
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluvoxamine is a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake that is widely used in the management of depression. Following oral administration, the drug is absorbed efficiently from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are usually observed within 2 to 8 hours postdose for capsules and film-coated tabl...
journal_title:Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2165/00003088-199427030-00002
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00