Abstract:
:The small and highly electronegative fluorine atom can play a remarkable role in medicinal chemistry. Selective installation of fluorine into a therapeutic or diagnostic small molecule candidate can enhance a number of pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties such as improved metabolic stability and enhanced membrane permeation. Increased binding affinity of fluorinated drug candidates to target protein has also been documented in a number of cases. A further emerging application of the fluorine atom is the use of 18F as a radiolabel tracer atom in the exquisitely sensitive technique of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. This short review aims to bring together these various aspects of the use of fluorine in medicinal chemistry applications, citing selected examples from across a variety of therapeutic and diagnostic settings. The increasingly routine incorporation of fluorine atom(s) into drug candidates suggests a bright future for fluorine in drug discovery and development. A major challenge moving forward will be how and where to install fluorine in a rational sense to best optimise molecular properties.
journal_name
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chemjournal_title
Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistryauthors
Shah P,Westwell ADdoi
10.1080/14756360701425014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-10-01 00:00:00pages
527-40issue
5eissn
1475-6366issn
1475-6374journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Synthesis and anticonvulsant properties of 26 new N-Mannich bases of 3-benzhydryl-(5-17) and 3-isopropyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones (18-30) have been described. Initial anticonvulsant screening for these compounds was evaluated in mice after intraperitoneal administration in the maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2015.1088842
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::[60]Fullerene-peptides represent a simple yet chemically diverse example of a bio-nano conjugate. The C60 moiety provides the following attributes to the conjugate: (a) precise three-dimensional architecture, (b) a large hydrophobic mass and (c) unique electronic properties. Conversely, the peptide component provides:...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14756366.2016.1177524
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, firstly, antioxidant and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) properties of Yomra apple were investigated. Seventeen phenolic constituents were measured by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Total phenolic compounds (TPCs), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-pi...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2013.858144
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current study was designed to assess the inhibitory activity of Broussonetia papyrifera-derived polyphenols against 3-chymotrypsin-like and papain-like coronavirus cysteine proteases. The isolated compounds were broussochalcone B (1), broussochalcone A (2), 4-hydroxyisolonchocarpin (3), papyriflavonol A (4), 3'-(3...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756366.2016.1265519
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structure modification of the side chain of the lead compound benzoxanthone provided a series of benzoxanthone analogues and 12 of them were first reported. The results showed that most of these compounds had moderate cytotoxicity against tumour cells with the 50% inhibition concentration in the micromolar range. Furt...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2011.595712
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starting from a simple general reaction mechanism of activation of aspartic proteinases zymogens involving a uni- and a bimolecular simultaneous activation route and a reversible inhibition step, the time course equation of the zymogen, inhibitor and activated enzyme concentrations have been derived. Likewise, express...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756360601114601
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phthalates, used in medical devices (MDs), have been identified as reproductive and developmental toxicants. Their toxicity varies somewhat depending on the specific phthalate and is in part linked to the activation of Peroxisome Proliferating-Activated Receptors (PPARs). So, the use of MDs containing targeted phthala...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2015.1037748
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An economical and efficient one-pot synthesis of a series of novel 5-aryl-6-cinnamoyl-7-methyl-flavanones has been developed by simple refluxing of cinnamoyl chalcones with NaOAc in aqueous ethanol in quantitative yields. These flavanones were screened for their in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidyslipidemic activi...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2011.585134
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An efficient and economical synthesis of some new fluorine substituted phthalides was accomplished from two γ-keto acids, 2-(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzoic acid and 2-(3,5-dinitro-4-flurobenzoyl)benzoic acid. Each acid was reacted with various phenolic compounds in presence of catalytic quantity of concentrated sulphuric aci...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2011.606622
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trypanothione reductase (TR) is a major enzyme in trypanosomatids. Its substrate, trypanothione is a molecule containing a tripeptide (L-glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine) coupled to a polyamine, spermidine. This redox system (TR/Trypanothione) is vital for parasite survival within the host cell and has been described as...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756360600920180
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The limited arsenal of synthetic antifungal agents and the emergence of resistant Candida strains have prompted the researchers towards the investigation of naturally occurring compounds or their semisynthetic derivatives in order to propose new innovative hit compounds or new antifungal combinations endowed with redu...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756366.2016.1180596
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study we have evaluated the antigenotoxic effects of Farnesol (FL) a 15-carbon isoprenoid alcohol against benzo (a) pyrene [B(a)P] (125 mg kg(- 1).b.wt oral) induced toxicity. B(a)P administration lead to significant induction in Cytochrome P450 (CYP) content and aryl hydrocarbon hydrolase (AHH) activit...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756360701448768
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine receptors have been considered as potential targets for drug development, but one of the main obstacles to this goal is to selectively inhibit one receptor subtype over the others. This subject is particularly crucial for adenosine A2b receptor antagonists (AdoRA2B). The structure–activity relationships of x...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2013.830113
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that protects lipoproteins, both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL, against oxidation, and is considered as an antioxidative/anti-inflammatory component of HDL. In this study, PON1 was purified from bovine serum by ammonium sulfate prec...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2013.879578
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione transferase P1-1 is over expressed in some cancer cells and contributes to detoxification of anticancer drugs, leading to drug-resistant tumors. The inhibition of human recombinant GSTP1-1 by natural plant products was investigated using 10 compounds isolated from plants indigenous to Southern and Central ...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2010.526769
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rosmarinic acid, a phytochemical compound, bears diverse pharmaceutical profile. It is composed by two building blocks: caffeic acid and a salvianic acid unit. The interaction profile, responsible for the delivery of rosmarinic acid and its two substructure components by serum albumin remains unexplored. To unveil thi...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756366.2020.1740923
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of N1-(substituted)aryl-5,7-dimethyl-2-(substituted)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one was designed on the basis of the triangular pharmacophoric requirement of histamine H1-receptor antagonists. The designed series was synthesized by cyclo-condensation of monoaryl thiourea with ethyl cyanoacetate in the presen...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756360600851104
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::New, except 1d, melatonin analogue benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and characterized in the present study. The potential role of melatonin as an antioxidant by scavenging and detoxifying ROS raised the possibility that compounds that are analogous to melatonin can also be used for their antioxidant properti...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756360600586031
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The synthesis of 2-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuranic enantioisomers is described. Ortho-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-3-enyl)phenol synthons are used as precursors to these structures. In vitro antitumor activity against a non-small-cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma line (NSCLC-N6) of these enantioisomers has been investiga...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/1475636032000069828
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, 14 different 2-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)thio]-1-(phenyl)ethanone derivatives (1-14) were synthesized. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and FAB(+)-MS spectral data and elemental analyses results. The compounds were screened for their anticandidal ...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2012.752363
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fraxamoside, a macrocyclic secoiridoid glucoside featuring a hydroxytyrosol group, was recently identified as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI) comparable in potency in vitro to the standard antigout drug allopurinol. However, this activity and its considerably higher value than its derivatives oleuropein, oleoside 1...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756366.2016.1252758
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibition of neuraminidase from Clostridium chauvoei (jakari strain) with partially purified methanolic extracts of some plants used in Ethnopharmacological practice was evaluated. Extracts of two medicinal plants, Tamarindus indicus and Combretum fragrans at 100-1000 microg/ml, both significantly reduced the act...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756360409162447
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is an important target for the development of novel and selective inhibitors to treat inflammatory diseases, especially pulmonary pathologies. Here, we report the synthesis, structure-activity relationship analysis, and biological evaluation of a new series of HNE inhibitors with an iso...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756366.2017.1326915
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrofurazone (NF) and its derivative, hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH), have presented antichagasic activity. NFOH has higher activity and lower mutagenicity. The aim of this work was to assess whether NF and its derivative NFOH would also be inhibitors of cruzain, besides their trypanothione reductase inhibitory ac...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756360902941058
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, we reported the synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of three new compound series obtained from 6-(phenyl/4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3-acetic acid hydrazide: 2-{[6-(phenyl/4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl]acetyl}-N-alkyl/arylhydrazinecarbothioamides (2a-...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2012.700926
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vivo and in vitro antiandrogenic activity of four aromatic esters 10a-10d, one aliphatic ester 10e based on the pregna-4,16-diene-6, 20-dione structure and two aromatic 17c, 17d and two aliphatic valeroyloxy esters 17a, 17b based on the more saturated 4-pregnene-6,20-dione skeleton was examined. The biological ...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756360500148924
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, a glycoglycerolipid isolated from marine algae was reported to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the human Myt1 kinase, an enzyme involved in cell cycle regulation with great potential as an anti-cancer target. Based on that report, a lot of research effort has been invested by several working groups ...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2014.926343
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, some thiazole derivatives were synthesized via the ring closure reaction of 1-[2-(2-oxobenzo[d]thiazol-3(2H)-yl)acetyl]thiosemicarbazide with various phenacyl bromides. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectral data and elemental analyses. E...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2011.653355
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study describes the synthesis of a series of new 4-aminoquinoline-derived thiazolidines and evaluation of their antimalarial activity against a NF-54 strain of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and N-67 strain of Plasmodium yoelii in vivo. Among the series, two compounds, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-ca...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/14756366.2012.666537
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The synthesis of new 4-[2-(alkylamino)ethylthio]pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives la-1 is described in five or six steps starting from various substituted nitroanilines 2a-e. The bioisostere 5-[2-(alkylamino)ethylthio]pyrrolo[1,2- a]thieno[3,2-e]pyrazine 1m was also prepared. The new derivatives were evaluated as ...
journal_title:Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14756360701485406
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00