Abstract:
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:To document the frequency of normal and anomalous drainage patterns of the pulmonary veins, and to establish normal values for pulmonary vein ostial diameters, and distance to first bifurcation using multidetector computed tomography, as pertinent to ablation procedures for atrial fibrillation. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Two cardiothoracic radiologists retrospectively reviewed thin-section contrast material-enhanced multidetector computed tomography examinations of the thorax in 200 consecutive patients (38 females and 162 males), age 24-79 years (mean 52.8) referred for imaging before radiofrequency ablation therapy for atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary vein anatomy was based on both the number of venous ostia and the drainage patterns of pulmonary veins. Pulmonary vein ostial diameters and distance to first bifurcation of the four major pulmonary veins (right inferior and superior, left inferior and superior) and any additional pulmonary veins were measured at a workstation using both axial images and multiplanar reconstructions by two experienced cardiothoracic radiologists; the mean pulmonary vein diameter and the shortest distance to first bifurcation of the two measurements are reported. RESULTS:The majority of patients, 82% (164 patients) had four pulmonary veins, with a superior and inferior ostium on the right and a superior and inferior ostium on the left. Of the remainder, 9% (18 patients) had five veins, 4.5% (9 patients) had three veins, 3% (6 patients) had two anomalies each, and 0.5% (1 patient) had three anomalies. The middle lobe pulmonary vein drained into the right superior pulmonary vein in 83.5% of patients, directly into the left atrium in 11% of patients, and into the right inferior pulmonary vein in 5.5% of patients; 6.5% of patients had a single left pulmonary vein ostium. Mean pulmonary vein diameters with 95% confidence intervals at the ostia were as follows: right superior 17.6 (13.64-15.36) mm; left superior 16.6 (16.03-17.08) mm; right inferior 17.1 (16.58-17.55) mm; left inferior 14.8 (14.25-15.27) mm, and independent middle lobe 8.6 (8.27-8.86) mm. Mean distance to first bifurcation with 95% confidence intervals were: right superior 14.5 (17.02-18.23) mm; left superior 17.6 (16.63-18.53) mm; right inferior 7.0 (6.49-7.46) mm; left inferior 13.5 (12.83-14.16) mm, and independent middle lobe 8.4 (7.7-9.17) mm. CONCLUSION:Thin-section thoracic computed tomography demonstrates a greater variability of pulmonary venous drainage than previously described. There is greater variability of the right lung venous drainage compared to the left lung. Eighty-two percent of people have four standard pulmonary veins. There is significant variability in pulmonary vein diameter and distance to first bifurcation.
journal_name
Acad Radioljournal_title
Academic radiologyauthors
Cronin P,Kelly AM,Desjardins B,Patel S,Gross BH,Kazerooni EA,Morady F,Oral H,Carlos RCdoi
10.1016/j.acra.2006.11.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-02-01 00:00:00pages
178-88issue
2eissn
1076-6332issn
1878-4046pii
S1076-6332(06)00667-2journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Pulmonary vascular alteration is one of the characteristic features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies suggest that vascular alteration is closely related to endothelial dysfunction and may be further influenced by emphysema. However, the relationship between morpho...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2009.07.022
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Nephrosclerosis occurs with aging and is characterized by increased kidney subcapsular surface irregularities at autopsy. Assessments of cortical roughness in vivo could provide an important measure of nephrosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an image-processing al...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2014.05.014
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Intravenous thrombolysis decision-making and obtaining of consent would be assisted by an individualized risk-benefit ratio. Deep learning (DL) models may be able to assist with this patient selection. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Clinical data regarding consecutive patients who received intravenous ...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2019.03.015
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether texture analysis (TA) can detect subtle changes in cerebral tissue caused by mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and to determine whether these changes correlate with neuropsychological and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings. MATERIALS AND METH...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2010.04.009
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Efforts to decrease radiation exposure during pediatric high-resolution thoracic computed tomography (HRCT), while maintaining diagnostic image quality, are imperative. The objective of this investigation was to compare organ doses and scan performance for pediatric HRCT using volume, helical, ...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2013.05.013
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disturbances in blood capillary exchange of fluid, macromolecules, and cells across intact and abnormal microvessels and deranged lymphatic transport are integral, interacting components in disorders of tissue swelling. Lymphedema or low-output failure of the lymph circulation is often indolent for many years before l...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80193-x
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review article presents the current evidence of the importance of integrating radiology and anatomy in medical education in the UK, a recommendation by a number of key anatomy, education, and radiology organizations. Current evidence highlights that on average only 5% of total teaching time in medical education i...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2015.12.010
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:To determine the diagnostic accuracy of stereotactically and sonographically guided core biopsy (CB) for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-two institutions enrolled 2,403 women who underwent imaging-guided fine needle aspiration followed by imaging-guide...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(03)00510-5
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Because several factors are involved in cancer detection, a malignant lesion that is visible on a mammogram will not necessarily be reported by the radiologist reading the case. Indeed, a significant fraction of screening-detected cancers are visible in retrospect, and were perceived by the rad...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2004.04.015
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Cardiovascular (CV) disease is predominately influenced by CV risk factors and coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) is capable of detecting early-stage coronary artery disease. We sought to determine the influence of CV risk factors on the prevalence of nonobstructive atherosclerosis ...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2016.12.005
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:To validate the hypothesis that a multisegmented approach during subtraction computed tomography (CT) angiography of the lower extremities can improve bone removal efficiency by suppressing regional motion. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The institutional review board of our hospital approved this retr...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2011.01.024
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:To identify the presence and extent of artifacts in prostate diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and discuss tradeoffs between imaging at 1.5 T (1.5 T) and 3.0 T (3.0 T). In addition, we aim to provide quantitative estimates of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at both field stre...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2013.04.005
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:3-Bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), an hexokinase II inhibitor, is known to have high necrotic rate in hyperglycolytic liver tumor models without apparent damage to the normal liver parenchyma. The toxicity of intra-arterial delivery of 3-BrPA in various concentrations has not been specifically investiga...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2006.09.059
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:A survey of chief residents of academic radiology programs is conducted annually on behalf of the American Association of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology (A3CR2). Data are obtained to improve the training of diagnostic radiology residents and to increase the understanding of radiologists ...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80835-9
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONAL AND OBJECTIVES:Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems are intended to improve performance. This study investigates how CAD might actually interfere with a visual search task. This is a laboratory study with implications for clinical use of CAD. METHODS:Forty-seven naive observers in two studies were asked to ...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2012.05.013
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify factors associated with high levels of external research funding in order to provide departments with information that may help them increase their external research funding. MATERIALS AND METHODS:National Institutes of Health (NIH) data on grants were analyzed to identif...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2006.09.052
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to survey misfiled cases in a picture archiving and communication system environment at two hospitals and to demonstrate the potential usefulness of an automated patient recognition method for posteroanterior chest radiographs based on a template-matching technique desig...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2004.11.008
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:To investigate the value of MRI-based features and texture analysis (TA) in the differential diagnosis between ovarian thecomas/fibrothecomas (OTCA/f-TCAs) and uterine fibroids in the adnexal area (UF-iaas). MATERIALS AND METHODS:This retrospective study included 16 OTCA/f-TCA and 37 UF-iaa pa...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2019.12.025
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:The pathogenesis of brain injury following radiosurgery is poorly understood. To better elucidate the relationship between blood-brain barrier disruption and metabolic derangements, we used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and 1H MR spectroscopy to detect early changes from focused single-fracti...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80511-2
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) for neural fibers of the head-and-neck region at 3T has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using DTT for visualizing neural fibers in the head-and-neck region at 3T and to explore the use of this method in patients...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2009.01.019
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to evaluate our preliminary experience with routine contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) of the lower limb arteries in patients with end-stage renal failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical, physiologic...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2005.01.021
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:The authors evaluated the coordination of swallowing and respiration in dysphagic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Video fluoroscopy and respirometry were performed simultaneously during 98 swallows in 33 patients (18 women, 15 men) with a median age of 70 years (interquartile range, 52-78 year...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(97)80237-1
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:The American Cancer Society (ACS) and the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommend colorectal cancer (CRC) screening to begin at age 50 in individuals at average risk for CRC. To estimate rate at which women eligible for CRC screening at the time of screening mammography ...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2004.07.025
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Amphiphilic biocompatible polyoxyethylene (PEO)-based polymers form particles (micelles) that are 10-50 nm in diameter. In the current research, we successfully incorporated amphiphilic indium-111 (111In) and gadolinium chelates into these particles and used them as particulate contrast media i...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(96)80448-x
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:The association between hepatic steatosis and oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) agents is clinically recognized but has not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 5-FU on hepatic fat content in patients undergoing oral 5-FU therapy and to compare the effects...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2005.02.010
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Patients with a posterior indentation in the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES) are generally considered to have an abnormality of the cricopharyngeal muscle (CPM). In this study we determined the actual width of the PES and the pressure circumstances during swallowing within the pharynx and PES ...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80123-0
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:In percutaneous ethanol injection therapy, uncontrolled spread of ethanol sometimes causes complications. This study tested the accuracy of ultrasonography in showing the spread of ethanol during injection in normal postmortem pig livers. METHODS:Methylene blue-stained 96% (vol) ethanol (0.5-2...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80778-0
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Balloon dilatation is a mechanical form of controlled injury used to alleviate vascular stenoses. Several factors influence successful angioplasty. Few mechanical models exist to illustrate the physical principles of balloon dilatation. METHODS:We used mechanical analysis of membrane stresses,...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(05)80340-x
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we describe how social media can supplement traditional education, articulate the advantages and disadvantages of various social media platforms for both teachers and learners, discuss best practices to maintain confidentiality of protected health information, and provide tips for implementing social ...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2016.12.023
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-11 (68Ga-PSMA-11) is a recently developed positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that can detect prostate cancer (PC) relapses and metastases with high contrast resolution. The aim of this study was to assess the detection efficacy and diagnostic accur...
journal_title:Academic radiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.acra.2018.05.020
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00