Abstract:
:Apomixis is a mode of asexual reproduction through seed. Progeny produced by apomixis are clonal replicas of a mother plant. The essential feature of apomixis is that embryo sacs and embryos are produced in ovules without meiotic reduction or egg cell fertilisation. Thus, apomixis fixes successful gene combinations and propagates high fitness genotypes across generations. A more profound knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate reproductive events in plants would contribute fundamentally to understanding the evolution and genetic control of apomixis. Molecular markers were used to determine levels of genetic variation within and relationship among ecotypes of the facultative apomict Hypericum perforatum L. (2n = 4x = 32). All ecotypes were polyclonal, being not dominated by a single genotype, and characterised by different levels of differentiation among multilocus genotypes. Flow cytometric analysis of seeds indicated that all ecotypes were facultatively apomictic, with varying degrees of apomixis and sexuality. Seeds set by haploid parthenogenesis and/or by fertilisation of aposporic egg cells were detected in most populations. The occurrence of both dihaploids and hexaploids indicates that apospory and parthenogenesis may be developmentally uncoupled and supports two distinct genetic factors controlling apospory and parthenogenesis in this species. Cyto-embryological analysis showed that meiotic and aposporic processes do initiate within the same ovule: the aposporic initial often appeared evident at the time of megaspore mother cell differentiation. Our observations suggest that the egg cell exists in an active metabolic state before pollination, and that its parthenogenetic activation leading to embryo formation may occur before fertilisation and endosperm initiation.
journal_name
Heredity (Edinb)journal_title
Heredityauthors
Barcaccia G,Arzenton F,Sharbel TF,Varotto S,Parrini P,Lucchin Mdoi
10.1038/sj.hdy.6800808keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-01 00:00:00pages
322-34issue
4eissn
0018-067Xissn
1365-2540pii
6800808journal_volume
96pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEREDITY文献大全abstract::The activity of transposable elements can be induced by environmental and population factors and in particular by stresses in various organisms. A consequence of the increase in transposable element mobility is the creation of new genetic variability that can be useful in the face of stressful conditions. In this revi...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00751.x
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many Odonata species exhibit female-limited polymorphisms, where one morph is similar to the conspecific male in body color and other traits (andromorph), whereas one or more other morphs differ from the male (gynomorphs). Here we investigated the differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) among males and two female ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0076-z
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Connectivity is widely recognized as an important component in developing effective management and conservation strategies. Although managers are generally most interested in demographic, rather than genetic connectivity, new analytic approaches are able to provide estimates of both demographic and genetic connectivit...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2013.58
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pedunculate oak and sessile oak are two sympatric interfertile species that exhibit leaf morphological differences. We aimed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of these traits in order to locate genomic regions involved in species differentiation. A total of 15 leaf morphological traits were assessed in a mixed ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800358
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::At treeline, selection by harsh environmental conditions sets an upward limit to arboreal vegetation. Increasing temperatures and the decline of traditional animal raising have favoured an upward shift of treeline in the last decades. These circumstances create a unique opportunity to study the balance of the main for...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.42
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene flow via pollen movement affects genetic variation in plant populations and is an important consideration in plant domestication. Fontainea picrosperma is a subcanopy rainforest tree that is of commercial interest because it is the source of tigilanol tiglate, a natural product used for the treatment of solid tum...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-019-0231-1
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A long-standing goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the factors that drive population divergence, local adaptation and speciation. In particular, the effect of selection against dispersers on gene flow and local adaptation has attracted interest, although empirical data on phenotypic characters of dispersers...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2008.59
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Araucaria araucana (Monkey Puzzle), a southern South American tree species of exceptional cultural and economic importance, is of conservation concern owing to extensive historical clearance and current human pressures. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to characterise genetic heterogeneity wit...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800033
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene flow was investigated in Anopheles gambiae from eight localities that span the ecological zones of Nigeria (arid savanna zones in the north gradually turn into humid forest zones in the south). Genetic differentiation was measured over 10 microsatellite loci and, to determine any effects of selection, five loci w...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00957.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The conditional average frequency of rare alleles has been shown in simulations to provide a simple and robust estimator of the number of individuals exchanged between local populations in an island model (Nm). This statistic is defined as the average frequency of an allele in those samples in which the allele is pres...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.1986.63
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the evolution of female multiple mating (polyandry) is crucial for understanding sexual selection and sexual conflict. Despite this interest, little is known about its genetic basis or whether genetics influences the evolutionary origin or maintenance of polyandry. Here, we explore the quantitative genet...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800897
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small populations of our study species Ranunculus reptans have reduced fitness because of inbreeding, genetic load, and reduced mate availability; that is, they suffer from a three-fold genetic Allee effect. Here, we investigate how the effect of interpopulation outbreeding on offspring fitness depends on population s...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800732
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propagation, dispersal, and establishment are fundamental population processes, and are critical stages in the life cycle of an organism. In symbiotic organisms such as lichens, consisting of a fungus and a population of photobionts, reproduction is a complex process. Although many lichens are able to reproduce both s...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800505
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arctic-alpine plants have enormous ranges in the Northern Hemisphere. Phylogeographic studies have provided insights into their glacial survival as well as their postglacial colonization history. However, our understanding of the population dynamics of disjunct alpine populations in temperate regions remains limited. ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.95
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restriction endonuclease variation in the 12 kb region surrounding the Adh locus was measured in seven Australian and six Chinese populations of Drosophila melanogaster. There is a higher level of nucleotide-substitution variation in the Australian populations than in the Chinese, which is possibly a reflection of the...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.1992.1
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Africanization of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) in South America is one of the most spectacular examples of biological invasions. In this study, we analyzed the Africanization process in Central Mexico along an altitudinal transect from 72 to 2800 m, using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. The mitochondr...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800988
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Self-incompatibility (SI) has been well studied in the genera Brassica and Arabidopsis, which have become models for investigation into the SI system. To understand the evolution of the SI system in the Brassicaceae, comparative analyses of the S-locus in genera other than Brassica and Arabidopsis are necessary. We re...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800854
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the amount and nature of variation revealed by cDNA-based sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) using 39 pairs of heterologous primers that were based upon arbitrary genes in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). A panel of 22 diverse Norway spruce genotypes w...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6885740
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in sequencing technologies have revolutionized wildlife conservation genetics. Analysis of genomic data sets can provide high-resolution estimates of genetic structure, genetic diversity, gene flow, and evolutionary history. These data can be used to characterize conservation units and to effectively manage t...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-020-0315-y
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::I made use of the known dates of reclamation (and of afforestations) in the IJsselmeerpolders in The Netherlands to assess evolutionary adaptation in Cepaea nemoralis. At 12 localities (three in each polder), I sampled a total of 4390 adult individuals in paired open and shaded habitats, on average 233 m apart, and sc...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.74
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two hundred and thirty-six mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences were used in combination with polymorphism at four nuclear microsatellite loci to assess the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and between African savannah elephants. They were sampled from 11 localities in eastern, western and souther...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800110
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth rate of 12 groups of common carp was measured at five experimental environments. Three of the 12 tested groups were strains of the domesticated European race of the common carp, one group was a representative of the Big-Belly Chinese race, and the remaining eight groups were F1 crossbreds among the European str...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.1975.42
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comprehensive long-term studies of isolated populations provide valuable comparative data that may be used to evaluate different methods for quantifying the relationship between genetic diversity and fitness. Here, we report on data collected from large and well-characterized cohorts of the two numerically dominant sp...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800409
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asexual reproduction via thelytokous parthenogenesis is widespread in the Hymenoptera, but its genetic underpinnings have been described only twice. In the wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum and the Cape honey bee Apis mellifera capensis the origin of thelytoky have each been traced to a single recessive locus. In the Cape hone...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2014.127
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the asexual reproductive modes, androgenesis is probably one of the most astonishing and least studied mechanisms. In this 'paternal monopolization', the maternal nuclear genome fails to participate in zygote development and offspring are paternal nuclear clones. Obligate androgenesis is known in only a few orga...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.3
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allozyme electrophoresis was used to determine amount and structure of genetic variation within and between five congeneric haploid moss species: Polytrichum formosum, P. commune, P. uliginosum, P. piliferum and P. juniperinum. For the different species, gene diversity within populations (HS) ranged from very low (0.0...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2000.00762.x
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic structure of 13 populations of the amphiatlantic sea urchin Arbacia lixula, as well as temporal genetic changes in three of these localities, were assessed using ten hypervariable microsatellite loci. This thermophilous sea urchin is an important engineer species triggering the formation of barren grounds ...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0098-6
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The highly diverse genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are important in the adaptive immune system and are expected to be under selection from pathogens. Thus, the MHC genes provide an exceptional opportunity to investigate patterns of selection within and across populations. In this study, we analyzed...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.99
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When individuals interact, their phenotypes may be affected not only by their own genes but also by genes in their social partners. This phenomenon is known as Indirect Genetic Effects (IGEs). In aquaculture species and some plants, however, competition not only affects trait levels of individuals, but also inflates v...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41437-018-0068-z
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cline in the frequency of melanic morphs of the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, was first surveyed in 1980 along a transect extending inland from the coast in the Netherlands. At that time, the frequency of melanics increased over some 40 km from 10% near the coast to nearly 60% inland. Additional surveys made...
journal_title:Heredity
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.49
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00