Abstract：
:Three different methods for the culture of rumen microorganisms (Hungate's technique, the Hohenheim in vitro gas production method, and the semicontinuous rumen simulation technique) were employed to study the influence of various alkaloids (sparteine, lupanine, cytisine, atropine, quinidine, lobeline, harmaline, arecoline, nicotine, caffeine, pilocarpine, gramine, senecionine, and monocrotaline) on rumen microorganisms. Rumen micro-organisms from naive ruminants (sheep, cattle) that had not been exposed to the alkaloids before were generally not able to degrade most of the alkaloids. Only the alkaloids pilocarpine, gramine, and monocrotaline appeared to be degradable. Rumen microorganisms from a sheep preconditioned to lupin alkaloids tolerated lupanine much better than nonadapted microorganisms, but no degradation occurred. The findings indicate that the main site of detoxification in naive ruminants is not the rumen but more likely the liver and kidneys as in nonruminants.
journal_name
J Chem Ecoljournal_title
Journal of chemical ecologyauthors
Aguiar R,Wink Mdoi
10.1007/s10886-005-3543-ykeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
761-87issue
4eissn
0098-0331issn
1573-1561journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) lay their eggs in gravel nests called redds. The nests are not defended for extended periods and the eggs and young may be subject to predation from predators that travel through the substrate into the redd. In this study we tested whether long-term exposure of brook charr eggs to c...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010404624556
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cuticular hydrocarbons play a significant role in the regulation of cuticular permeability and also in the chemical communication of insects. In the parasitoid Lariophagus distinguendus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), male courtship behavior is mediated by a female-produced sex pheromone. Previous studies have shown that...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-007-9265-6
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant defensive compounds may be a cost rather than a benefit when plants are attacked by specialist insects that may overcome chemical barriers by strategies such as sequestering plant compounds. Plants may respond to specialist herbivores by compensatory growth rather than chemical defense. To explore the use of def...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-011-9955-y
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chemical quality of forage may determine landscape use and habitat quality for some herbivorous species. However, studies that investigate the relationship between foliar chemistry and foraging choices in wild vertebrates are rare. Petauroides volans (the greater glider) is unique among Australian marsupial folivo...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-010-9889-9
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Details of the syntheses of the four stereoisomers of 8-methyl-2-decanol and its propanoate ester are given. The racemic ester, two of its stereoisomers, and one stereoisomer as an acetate are attractive to several species ofDiabrotica. The key steps in the syntheses involve high-performance liquid chromatograpic reso...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01012138
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Populations ofAedes sierrensis (Ludlow) completed development in tannic acid solutions over a wide concentration range (i.e., 0-1.0 g/liter) in artificial microcosms exposed to field conditions. The most notable effects of high tannic acid concentration were to slow larval developmental rates and to reduce numbers of ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00987373
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed phenolic compounds and other elements in leaf extracts and compared morphology of three species of the Phytolaccaceae family found in South Korea. To test allelochemical effects of the three Phytolacca species, we also examined seed germination and dry weight of seedlings of Lactuca indica and Sonchus oler...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-005-4255-z
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male olive fruit fly attraction to the four synthetic components of the female sex attractant pheromone was studied under laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory tests males responded to all four components tested separately. Component I, (1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane) was more attractive than any of the remaini...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01411425
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several major chemicals in the glandular heads of type VI trichomes ofLycopersicon species were identified and quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Two normal odd-chained ketones, 2-undecanone (47 ng) and 2-tridecanone (146 ng), and one unknown sesquiterpene (5 ng), comprised approximately 95% of th...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01020164
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cuticular lipid composition of lower and upper leaves of five genotypes of field-grown corn,Zea mays L., was determined by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Surface lipids of the upper leaves had a higher proportion ofn-alkanes (45-52%) than the lower leaves, while the lower leaves had higher percenta...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00983808
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The raspberry cane midge, Resseliella theobaldi, is a widespread pest of cultivated red raspberry in Europe. Pheromone-baited traps could provide a much-needed, accurate means to monitor the pest. Volatiles collected separately from virgin female and male midges were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-009-9588-6
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed a flexible, moderately priced, behavioral analysis system which has been used to determine the response of salmonids to certain olfactory stimulants. The system, which we call ITS for interactive computer-video tracking system, consists of a 128K Apple IIe computer with software, a video camera and v...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01020536
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calocedrus formosana Florin (Cupressaceae) is an endemic tree species in Taiwan; its timber is recognized for natural decay resistance. To examine the antitermitic and antifungal activities of leaf essential oil and its main constituents, C. formosana leaves were extracted and the essential oils analyzed by GC-MS. Bio...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/b:joec.0000045588.67710.74
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Analysis of ovipositor extracts of lab-reared (> 120 generations) and wildHeliothis zea indicated small but significant differences in the percent composition of the four aldehyde components of the sex pheromone. (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16∶OH) was present in both populations and amounted to only 2.8% of the total p...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01014828
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chemical components of tarbush (Flourensia cernua) leaves were fractionated by extracting successively with hexanes, diethyl ether, and ethanol. Volatile profiles of each fraction were identified by using GC-MS. The hexanes fraction contained mostly monoterpenoids, while the ethanol fraction volatiles were primari...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1012283005014
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adults and larvae of the thrips Callococcithrips fuscipennis (Moulton) (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae) live in the sticky wax masses of adult females of the felt scale insect Callococcus acaciae (Maskell) (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). The scale is sessile and feeds on Kunzea shrubs (Myrtales: ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-008-9494-3
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the olfactory communication of the Neotropical short-tailed singing mouse, Scotinomys teguina, by investigating whether S. teguina responded to odors produced by the mid-ventral sebaceous gland of conspecifics. Females spent significantly more time investigating male odor than an odorless stimulus or a fem...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-008-9428-0
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crop domestication and selective breeding have altered plant defense mechanisms, influencing insect-plant interactions. A reduction in plant resistance/tolerance against herbivory is generally expected in domesticated species, however, limited efforts have been made to compare inducibility of plant defenses between wi...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01090-4
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many species of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) utilize male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes. However, the reasons why and the details of how this type of pheromone is used by cerambycids and other coleopteran species that utilize analogous male-produced pheromones remain unclea...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01047-7
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the identification, synthesis, and field bioassays of a volatile, male-produced aggregation pheromone of a long-horned beetle, the banded alder borer, Rosalia funebris Mots. Headspace collections from males contained a major male-specific compound, (Z)-3-decenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, and several minor components,...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-008-9576-2
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Volatile organic compounds derived from non-host plants, Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Corymbia citriodora, and Ruta graveolens, can be used to mask host plant odors, and are repellent to the tea geometrid, Ectropis obliqua. Volatile compounds were collected by headspace absorption, and the components were...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-013-0344-6
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Courtship inCardiochiles nigriceps (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) involves male attraction to females and male antennation of females followed by mounting and copulation. Once the female is located, antennation and mounting of the female are mediated by the hydrocarbon fraction of female's Dufour's gland and cuti...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02033856
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The response of the sawtoothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and the merchant grain beetle,O. mercator (Fauvel), to synthetic racemic and chiral macrolide aggregation pheromones was assessed in pitfall olfactometers.O.mercator utilizes theR enantiomers of (Z)-3-dodecen-11-olide and (Z,Z)-3,6-dodecadien-...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01012295
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to cope with plant defense chemicals differs between specialist and generalist species. In this study, we examined the effects of the concentration of the two main iridoid glycosides (IGs) in Plantago lanceolata, aucubin and catalpol, on the performance of a specialist and two generalist herbivores and the...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-011-9983-7
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Southwestern USA, the jimsonweed Datura wrightii and the nocturnal sphinx moth Manduca sexta form a pollinator-plant and herbivore-plant association. While certain plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) attract moths for oviposition, it is likely that other host-derived olfactory cues, such as herbivore-induced VO...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-012-0228-1
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The onion fly Delia antiqua is a specialist herbivore attacking only onions and closely related Allium species. n-Dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) has long been known to be attractive to onion flies in the laboratory and in the field. However, the insect's response is highly variable. Using behavioral bioassays we found tha...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1025642703888
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were conducted in commercial apple orchards to determine if improved efficiencies in pheromone delivery may be realized by using aerosol pheromone dispensers for codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., mating disruption. Specifically, we tested how reducing: pheromone concentration, period of dispenser oper...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-016-0724-9
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Termite colonies are almost always founded by a pair of winged dispersers, in spite of the high costs and low success rates inherent in independent colony foundation. The dispersal flights of imagoes from natal colonies are followed by mate search, mediated by sex-pairing pheromones. Here, we studied the chemistry of ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-018-0965-x
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sorghum shootfly,Atherigona soccata, under low population density conditions lays one egg per sorghum plant. Possible regulatory mechanisms of this oviposition behavior are reported. The presence of an egg thoroughly washed and reattached to a leaf does not deter further oviposition, indicating the absence of visu...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00992377
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we examined the role of sorghum flavonoids in providing resistance against corn leaf aphid (CLA) Rhopalosiphum maidis. In sorghum, accumulation of these flavonoids is regulated by a MYB transcription factor, yellow seed1 (y1). Functional y1 alleles accumulate 3-deoxyflavonoids (3-DFs) and 3-deoxyanthocya...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01062-8
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
