Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Bile leak is among the most common complications of cholecystectomy. Endoscopic therapy is empiric; a systematic approach to management of bile leak has not been established. METHODS:The severity of bile leak was classified by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography into low grade (leak identified only after intrahepatic opacification) or high grade (leak observed before intrahepatic opacification). Therapy was based on this distinction: biliary sphincterotomy alone for low-grade leaks and stent placement for high-grade leaks. The success of this strategy in consecutive patients treated between 1989 and 1999 was reviewed. RESULTS:A total of 207 patients (127 women, 80 men; median age 57 years) with bile leak were referred for endoscopic management; 134 had undergone laparoscopic, and 72 had open cholecystectomy. Patients presented at a median of 9 days (range 1-50 days) after surgery. Symptoms included pain (56%), jaundice (16%), fever (11%), and abdominal distension (7%). Persistent percutaneous drainage was present in 48%. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography identified the leak site in 204 patients: cystic duct stump, 159 patients (78%); duct of Luschka, 26 (13%); other, 19 (9%). Of 104 patients with low-grade leaks, 75 had sphincterotomy alone; improvement occurred in 68 patients (91%). Subsequent treatment was required in 7 patients (6 stent, 1 surgery). Stents were placed in the remaining 29/104 patients for the following reasons: biliary stricture (11/29); coagulopathy, precluding sphincterotomy (8/29); severe sepsis (3/29); inadequate drainage after prior sphincterotomy (2/29); and unclear reasons (5/29). Of 100 patients with high-grade leaks, 97 had stent placement. Persistent leakage necessitated another stent insertion in 4 patients. Closure of the leak was documented by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in all 97 patients. Three patients with leaks not amenable to endoscopic treatment were referred for surgery. Bile-duct stones were identified in 41 patients (28, low-grade group; 13, high-grade group) and were extracted in all cases. Overall, complications occurred in 3 patients (2 pancreatitis, 1 perforation) and were managed conservatively with no mortality. CONCLUSIONS:A simple, practical endoscopic classification system for bile leak after cholecystectomy is proposed. This classification has clinical relevance for selection of optimal endoscopic management.
journal_name
Gastrointest Endoscjournal_title
Gastrointestinal endoscopyauthors
Sandha GS,Bourke MJ,Haber GB,Kortan PPdoi
10.1016/s0016-5107(04)01892-9keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-10-01 00:00:00pages
567-74issue
4eissn
0016-5107issn
1097-6779pii
S0016-5107(04)01892-9journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We investigated the endoscopic and histologic features of 74 nonpolypoid neoplasias of the colorectum measuring 15 mm or less in diameter. Colonoscopically, they were characterized by flat growth, being either slightly elevated with a central depression or else completely flat against the surrounding mucosa. Of the 54...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(05)80595-4
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) is the investigation of choice in obscure GI bleeding (OGIB), with a high diagnostic yield when compared with other modalities. It enables specific treatment to be instigated in a significant proportion of cases, with the aim of reducing rebleeding rates. Little evidence is cu...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.06.054
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A technique for expeditious and safe placement of nasoenteric feeding tubes under direct vision is described. Adult patients undergo feeding tube placement with intravenous sedation and topical anesthesia. Endoscopic tube placement requires an average of 10 min and eliminates many risks associated with blind passage. ...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(86)71882-8
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic sphincterotomy for preoperative and postoperative complications of hepatic hydatid disease. METHODS:Nineteen patients underwent endoscopic treatment for complications of hepatic hydatid disease. Indications for ERCP in 5 patients treated ...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mge.2001.118256
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our objective was to (1) determine whether more complications are reported by patients 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy than are discussed at our monthly morbidity and mortality conferences, (2) identify complications resulting in visits to the emergency department or physician's office or leading to hos...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/ge.1999.v50.97111
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biliary tract malignancies can be assessed with either EUS or SpyGlass cholangioscopy (SGC). OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of EUS and guided biopsy before considering SGC in patients who had biliary strictures with negative ductal brushing. DESIGN:Prospective, observational study. SETTING:Tertiary leve...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2013.05.020
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biliary complications are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) is considered the diagnostic criterion standard for post-orthotopic liver transplantation biliary obstruction, but incurs significant risk...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.12.014
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was used to evaluate cirrhotic patients with and without prior variceal hemorrhage. The findings were compared with those of EUS in noncirrhotic control subjects to determine EUS features indicative of cirrhosis and of a risk for variceal hemorrhage. METHODS:Patients with cirrhos...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mge.2000.107297
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Colonoscopy may fail to detect neoplasia located on the proximal sides of haustral folds and flexures. The Third Eye Retroscope (TER) provides a simultaneous retrograde view that complements the forward view of a standard colonoscope. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the added benefit for polyp detection during colono...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2009.09.043
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the technique of endoscopic reflectance spectrophotometry has been applied in clinical studies, factors that modify the reproducibility of measurements have not been assessed systematically. To determine the limitations of the technique, measurements were made while endoscopic light intensity, systemic oxygen...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70271-7
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differentiation of infantile biliary malformations from primary parenchymal diseases is difficult. The recent development of a pediatric side-viewing endoscope (PJF Endoscope; Olympus Corporation of America) provided an opportunity to investigate the usefulness of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) for pr...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(88)71432-7
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:EUS-guided FNA or biopsy sampling is widely practiced. Optimal sonographic visualization of the needle is critical for image-guided interventions. Of the several commercially available needles, bench-top testing and direct comparison of these needles have not been done to reveal their inherent echog...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2016.01.068
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are few data about the performance variability among endoscopists participating to nationwide or regionwide colorectal cancer screening programs. OBJECTIVE:To assess the variability of neoplasia detection rates among endoscopists participating in a regional colorectal cancer screening program based on...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2009.08.032
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Differentiated minute submucosal cancers measuring ≤3 cm that exhibit no lymphovascular invasion are considered eligible for endoscopic resection; however, the ≤3-cm criterion remains debatable. The aim of this study was to verify the optimal tumor size cutoff for endoscopic resection eligibility, a...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2016.07.046
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new fiberoptic sigmoidoscopic system has been developed that utilizes a disposable sheath to cover and protect all working surfaces of the endoscope from contamination. The reusable part of the endoscope has no air, water, or suction/biopsy channels. These are incorporated in the disposable sheath, which is easily r...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(95)70192-3
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Upper endoscopy provides information that can be used to predict complications and to facilitate clinical decisions for patients who have ingested corrosive substances. The role of EUS in corrosive injury has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether concurrent catheter-probe EUS ...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(04)02031-0
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a procedure with many complications that sometimes can be devastating. To give better advice to patients referred for PEG regarding risk of complications, important risk factors should be known. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether age, body mass index, albumin levels, ...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.09.012
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices underwent endoscopic treatment in a prospective randomized trial carried out to compare variceal ligation with injection sclerotherapy, with respect to safety, efficacy, and complications in the initial session. Twenty-five patients each were treated using endoscopic va...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(93)70050-4
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Existing EUS catheter probes have limited depth of penetration and lack color flow and Doppler capabilities. This study prospectively assessed the feasibility and safety of using a phased vector array US catheter in the human GI tract. METHODS:Eleven patients underwent EUS with a steerable 9F phased vector ...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(02)70056-4
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is no consensus regarding the best management strategy for diagnosing and treating GI stromal tumors (GISTs). OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to examine the practice patterns of endosonographers in diagnosing and managing GISTs, particularly features of GISTs suggestive of malignancy, features that prompt s...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.07.041
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite advances in endoscopic treatment methods for upper GI hemorrhage, hemostasis is often difficult to achieve, particularly when the endoscopic view at the site of hemorrhage is poor because of the presence of mucus and blood. The investigators developed an end hood that facilitates endoscopic hemostati...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1067/mge.2003.206
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endoscopic ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a safe and accurate method for obtaining diagnostic material from lesions within and immediately adjacent to the upper GI tract. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether EUS Trucut biopsy (EUS-TCB) (Quickcore, Wilson-Cook, Winstom Salem, NC) c...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2006.02.056
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:En bloc EMR is performed in Japan as a curative treatment for early stage gastric cancer. However, current methods of EMR are technically difficult and require proficiency in determining the extent of the cancer. This study assessed the feasibility of a new method to obviate these problems and to facilitate ...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(04)01285-4
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Although traditional transoral outlet reduction (TORe) involves argon plasma coagulation (APC) before endoscopic suturing, modified endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has also been used. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of modified ESD-TORe in comparison with traditional APC-T...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2020.01.036
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Management of anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation deserves optimization. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate placement and removal of partially covered self-expandable metal stents (PCSEMSs) in this setting. DESIGN:Prospective, multicenter, uncontrolled study. SETTING:Three French academic hospit...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.08.016
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gastric retention and delayed gastric emptying of the video capsule are major limitations. We retrospectively studied gastric transit time, gastric retention, and completeness of capsule endoscopy (CE) in relation to the conditions in which it was performed. METHODS:From May 2002 to September 2004, CE was p...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2005.07.040
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:A lumen-apposing, self-expanding metal stent incorporated in an electrocautery-enhanced delivery system for EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) recently has become available. The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and clinical effectiveness of this newly developed dev...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2015.04.006
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Elective endoscopy resumed in our outpatient ambulatory center after instituting the preprocedure policy of a confirmed negative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) status performed 72 hours before a scheduled procedure as mandated by the stat...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.gie.2020.10.001
更新日期:2020-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed in 25 patients with suspected pancreatic disease. Cancer of the pancreas was recognized in 9 of 10 cases with 1 false negative and 2 false positive diagnoses. Chronic pancreatitis was recognized in 89% of cases. Technical difficulties limited the success of the examination in 2...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0016-5107(89)72761-9
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of propofol and general anesthesia in children undergoing elective GI endoscopy. METHODS:The study design was prospective, randomized, and open label. Pediatric patients aged 2 to 21 years in whom elective GI endoscopy under general anesthes...
journal_title:Gastrointestinal endoscopy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1067/mge.2002.120386
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00