Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of baseline cognitive function on incidence of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) in initially non-disabled Mexican-American elderly over a 7-year period. DESIGN:A prospective cohort study. SETTING:Southwestern United States: Texas, California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. PARTICIPANTS:A population-based sample of Mexican Americans aged 65 and over who completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and other relevant variables at baseline. The sample at baseline consisted of 2731 subjects, of which 2431 were non-ADL disabled. MEASUREMENTS:In-home interviews in 1993-94, 1995-96, 1998-99, and 2000-2001 assessed sociodemographic variables, selected medical conditions (stroke, cancer, diabetes, arthritis, and hip fracture), cognitive function, depressive symptomatology, and ADLs. RESULTS:In a Cox proportional regression analysis, a significant relationship was evident between MMSE score at baseline and risk of incident ADL disability over a 7-year period. Among non-disabled subjects at baseline, the hazard ratio of any new ADL limitation was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.18-2.12) for those with impaired cognition (MMSE score 0-21), 1.38 (95% CI, 1.04-1.82) for low normal cognition (MMSE score 22-24), and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.02-1.66) for normal cognition (MMSE score 25-28) when compared to subjects with high-normal cognition (MMSE score 29-30), adjusting for sociodemographic variables, presence of selected medical conditions and depressive symptoms at baseline. Similar results were also found when MMSE score was used as a continuous variable. Among non-disabled subjects at baseline, each unit increase in MMSE score decreased the risk of onset of any ADL limitation over a 7-year follow-up period, controlling for relevant variables at baseline (HR=0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99). CONCLUSION:Low MMSE score was associated with increased risk for incident ADL disability over a 7-year period in older Mexican Americans. Given the social, economic, and health impact of cognitive impairment, these findings suggest a need to develop effective intervention programs that delay or prevent the onset of cognitive and ADL disability in the elderly.
journal_name
Ethn Disjournal_title
Ethnicity & diseaseauthors
Raji MA,Al Snih S,Ray LA,Patel KV,Markides KSkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
26-31issue
1eissn
1049-510Xissn
1945-0826journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study examined diabetes-related health disparities in a Latino population in terms of prevalence of the disease, and the extent to which practice-based interventions improve health care and health for the Latinos who have diabetes. Previous research has shown that Latinos, overall, are at greater risk for diabete...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Unique challenges exist in the provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate health care to ethnically diverse populations. The purpose of this study was to improve the metabolic control of Russian patients with diabetes through increased attention to language and cultural concordance between the provi...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many health promotion intervention studies have been conducted with the goal of encouraging people to change their lifestyles. These include interventions in the community, at worksites, in a medical setting, and on patients at high risk of disease. These interventions have had, in general, a limited impact (eg, risk ...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 社论
doi:
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to determine whether race disparities in physical inactivity are present among urban low-income Blacks and Whites living in similar social context. DESIGN:This analysis included Black and White respondents ( > or = 18 years) from the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated C...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Black women are more likely to be diagnosed with later stage breast cancer and have higher mortality rates from breast cancer than white women. To determine whether cancer treatment varies for white and black women, we analyzed data from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Black-White Cancer Survival Study (BWCSS). Da...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:To describe the rationale and design of a prospective study of ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) combined with measurement of contextual factors to identify hypertensive phenotypes in a Caribbean population with high rates of HTN and cardiovascular disease. Design:Prospective, multi-center sub-stu...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.18865/ed.29.4.535
更新日期:2019-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:This study investigated whether HIV testing attitudes, HIV conspiracy beliefs, and reported sexual partner disclosure of HIV/STI status related to one-month self-report HIV testing outcomes following a brief intervention among Black women aged 18-25 years residing in rural Mississippi. Participants:Black wom...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18865/ed.30.2.251
更新日期:2020-04-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To use data from the longitudinal Strong Heart Study (SHS) to determine the level of awareness about risk factors for heart disease among 13 populations of American Indians in Arizona, Oklahoma, and South/ North Dakota. The aim of this study is to assess awareness of nine major risk factors for heart disease ...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We sought to determine whether lipid levels in black patients with type II diabetes with and without hypertension differ from those in white patients. Lipid levels were screened in 207 blacks and 103 whites with type II diabetes visiting a weekly diabetes clinic in a southeastern US regional community hospital. Levels...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Although the concept of stress is hard to define or measure, it is a phenomenon associated with a number of health conditions, including hypertension, heart disease, and decreased immunocompetency. Events such as migration are known to create stress; researchers refer to this as acculturative stress. Given...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Lean mass is an important determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) accrual, yet data regarding its correlates based on multiethnic premenopausal women are lacking. We examined the influence of age, race/ethnicity, and lifestyle variables on total and regional lean mass distribution in this population. DESIG...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence and correlates of abnormal urinary albumin excretion and to examine the possible additive effects of cardiovascular risk factors on urinary albumin excretion in African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hundred fifty-one African-American subj...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gap in educational attainment separating underrepresented minorities from Whites and Asians remains wide. Such a gap has significant impact on workforce diversity and inclusion among cross-cutting Biomedical Data Science (BDS) research, which presents great opportunities as well as major challenges for addressing ...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.107
更新日期:2017-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 1.2 billion citizens of the world are smokers. In developing countries, half the males smoke. WHO projects a global smoking population of 1.6 billion by the end of the next two decades. Collectively, today the world's smokers annually consume nearly 1,000 cigarettes for every man, woman and child on the p...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify any differences in hospitalization rates of diabetes patients by age, sex, or race/ethnicity. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study of Georgia hospital discharge data between 1998 and 2001. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS:Patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of diabetes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Adjusted ...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An epidemiologic link between peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and customary puerperal practices have been described among Nigerians. It is not, however, known if these practices have changed and influenced the epidemiology of PPCM over the years. OBJECTIVES:To describe the current epidemiologic profile of ...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Determine principal reasons for hospitalization in a predominantly urban, African American diabetes patient population. DESIGN:Data for outpatients with a diagnosis of diabetes were abstracted from electronic records. The number of hospitalizations from 1998 through 2001 was determined after linking our dat...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:High parity and short birth intervals among Hispanic women may deplete their folic-acid levels and place them at risk for neural tube defects (NTDs). The purposes of this study were to evaluate factors associated with multivitamin supplementation rates during the early (one to six weeks) postpartum period amo...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 20th century, Africans in Sub-Saharan Africa had lower rates of cardiometabolic disease than Africans who migrated. However, in the 21st century, beyond infectious diseases, the triple epidemics of obesity, diabetes and hypertension have taken hold in Africa. Therefore, Africans are acquiring these chronic dise...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.18865/ed.25.3.373
更新日期:2015-08-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:1) To describe stressful life events as experienced by a sample of young Black men with high blood pressure (HBP) living in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland; and 2) to examine the effect of cumulative stressful life events on substance use, depression, and quality of life. METHODS:Data were obtained over 48 m...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine dietary intake and attitude toward weight control of normal weight, overweight, and obese Black women. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey. SETTING:Rural village in KwaZulu province, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS:A convenience sample (N=187) of 25- to 55-year-old women, of whom 28.9% (N=54) were of no...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if 1) Afro-Caribbean women prefer large body sizes, 2) the body size preference of Afro-Caribbean men and women are associated, 3) women's preferences are associated with increased risk of obesity or with weight management behaviors. DESIGN:Population samples of 314 and 487 women, ages 20-55 yea...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gloria Ladson-Billings cautiously promotes the use of Critical Race Theory (CRT) to address racism's contribution to educational disparities. Nearly a decade ago, we issued a similar call to the multidisciplinary field of public health. Public health touts its progressive roots and focus on equity, but do those effort...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.18865/ed.28.S1.223
更新日期:2018-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:The urge to smoke is a predictor of smoking relapse. Little research has focused on the impact of acute urges during treatment among African Americans. This study examined the relationship between smoking urges and long-term abstinence among treatment seekers. Design:Longitudinal prospective investigation. U...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.18865/ed.27.4.395
更新日期:2017-12-07 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The obesity epidemic has become a health crisis in the United States, particularly for minorities. This article reports on the health status and sociodemographic characteristics of morbidly obese American Indians living in rural areas of California. METHODS:A cross-sectional randomized household study of ...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The current study examined ethnic differences in patterns of weight loss and regain in response to an initial behavioral weight loss intervention followed by an extended-care maintenance program. METHODS:We analyzed data from 224 women (African American n = 43, Caucasian n = 181) from rural communities who p...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Provider-focused strategies for improving outcomes in hypertension have produced mixed results. Studies suggest that the effectiveness of a chosen strategy increases when it is tailored to the specific situation. The hypertension registry includes data on African-American hypertensives who receive care in co...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to examine variation in heart disease death rates by the social class of decedents. The term, "social class" refers to a complex set of phenomena such as control over economic resources, social status, and power relative to others in society. The target population for this study wa...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine ace-inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) prescription and adherence patterns by race in diabetic public aid recipients. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASURES:We analyzed prescription records of 27,529 adults aged 18-64 with diabetes who had at least one clinical indication for rec...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scholars have shown that promoting diversity and inclusion in precision medicine research is important for ethical and scientific reasons. The processes for classifying the populations that enroll in biomedical research, however, are often unclear, inconsistent, and poorly justified. Precision medicine research promis...
journal_title:Ethnicity & disease
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.18865/ed.29.S3.651
更新日期:2019-12-12 00:00:00