Abstract：
:Previous studies showed that prolonged access to cocaine or heroin self-administration (long access, or LgA) produces an escalation in drug intake not observed with limited access to the drug (short access, or ShA). The present experiment employed in vivo microdialysis to test the role of alterations in drug pharmacokinetics and/or efficacy in increasing dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) during cocaine intake escalation. In experiment 1, both ShA and LgA rats were challenged with passive intravenous administration of cocaine (0.125-1 mg/injection). Regardless of the doses tested, there was no difference between groups in the ability of cocaine to increase NAcc DA levels and no group differences in the temporal profile of dialysate cocaine levels. In experiment 2, cocaine and DA concentrations were measured during cocaine self-administration. Self-administration produced sustained increases of DA in the NAcc with LgA rats maintaining greater steady levels of DA (750% of baseline) than ShA rats (400% of baseline). The difference in the LgA versus ShA rats was not due to differences in the efficacy of cocaine to elevate DA levels, or in the rate of cocaine metabolism, but was directly related to the amount of self-administered cocaine. These findings show that changes in cocaine efficacy or pharmacokinetics do not play a critical role in cocaine intake escalation.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Ahmed SH,Lin D,Koob GF,Parsons LHdoi
10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01833.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-07-01 00:00:00pages
102-13issue
1eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159pii
1833journal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Electrical stimulation of an ascending path of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine system was used to elicit release of norepinephrine at noradrenergic terminal fields of the rat thalamus. Overflow into the extracellular fluid space was measured by fast in vivo chronoamperometry. At pretreated carbon fibers, the electro...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03170.x
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The AP1 site within the tyrosine hydroxylase gene proximal promoter is essential for the response of the gene to numerous stimuli. Stimulation of this gene is often associated with induction of the AP1 transcription factor, c-Fos. However, many stimuli activate or induce multiple transcription factors that interact wi...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.0022-3042.2001.00692.x
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutamate receptors belonging to the subclass specifically activated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) were solubilized from rat forebrain membranes with Triton X-100 and partially purified through a series of three chromatographic steps. Specific [3H]AMPA binding increased 30-60-fold ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb11038.x
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fast-performance liquid chromatography was used to purify assembly-competent tubulin from porcine brain microtubule protein prepared by two cycles of assembly-disassembly. Microtubule protein (1-100 mg at 1.5-2.5 mg/ml) in buffer consisting of 0.1 M 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 0.3 M K...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb01754.x
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using antiphosphotyrosine antibodies, we have investigated protein phosphorylation in mouse brain during development in intact animals and in reaggregated cerebral cultures. Under basal conditions, in vivo and in vitro, the levels of two main phosphoproteins, of Mr 120,000 and 180,000 (pp180), increased with developme...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09751.x
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a chemical-induced model of dentate granule (DG) cell death, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify gene profiles from the laser-captured microdissected (LCM) hippocampal DG cell region versus the CA pyramidal cell layer (CA) from 21-day-old male CD1 mice injected with trimethyltin hydroxide (TMT; 3.0 mg/...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.03017.x
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vivo microdialysis in C57BL/6J (B6) mouse was used to test the hypothesis that activating adenosine A(2A) receptors in the pontine reticular formation (PRF) increases acetylcholine (ACh) release and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Eight concentrations of the adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phen...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03700.x
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The signal transduction pathways involved in NMDA receptor modulation by other receptors remain unclear. cAMP could be involved in this modulation. The aim of this work was to analyse the contribution of cAMP to NMDA receptor modulation in cerebellar neurones in culture. Forskolin increases cAMP and results in increas...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02730.x
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolism and blood-brain transport of choline (Ch) were investigated in perfused canine brain under control conditions and for 60 min after inhibition of brain cholinesterases by the organophosphorus (OP) compounds soman (pinacolylmethylphosphonofluoridate). Ch and acetylcholine (ACh) in blood and brain samples ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02993.x
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits a neuroinflammatory reaction dominated by microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Because MDM do not infiltrate the spinal cord until days after injury, it may be possible to control whether they differentiate into neuroprotective or neurotoxic effector cells. However, doing ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04617.x
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rapid axonal transport of proteins in retinal ganglion cells of the rabbit was studied following intraocular injections of labelled amino acids. Approximately 10% of the transported radioactivity was found in the supernatant following homogenization and high-speed centrifugation of the nerve terminal region. Relativel...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb00320.x
更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extralysosomal proteolysis by multicatalytic complexes such as the 26S proteasome produces large amounts of peptides in the cytosol, mitochondria and nuclei of eukaryotic cells, and there is increasing evidence that the resulting free intracellular peptides can modulate specific protein interactions. The demonstration...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02757.x
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heptahelical opioid receptors utilize Gi proteins to regulate a multitude of effectors including the classical adenylyl cyclases and the more recently discovered mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) belong to one of three subgroups of MAPKs. In NG108-15 neuroblastoma x gliom...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01535.x
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effect of chronically blocking NMDA receptor stimulation to examine changes in GABA(A) receptor expression and pharmacology in cerebellar granule cells at different stages of maturation. We have previously shown that NMDA-selective glutamate receptor stimulation alters GABA(A) receptor pharmacology...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71020693.x
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha1 (RORalpha1) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It is highly expressed in CNS particularly in the cerebellum. Absence of this transcription factor in mice leads to several abnormalities, such as cerebellar atrophy linked to Purkinje cell death and impaired different...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05074.x
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the sympatho-adrenal system, angiotensin II (Ang II) acts as a key neuromodulatory component. At sympathetic nerve terminals, Ang II influences sympathetic transmission by enhancing norepinephrine (NE) synthesis, facilitating NE release and inhibiting NE uptake. Previously, it was demonstrated that tyrosine hydroxy...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.14821
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The major component of the amyloid deposition that characterizes Alzheimer's disease is the 4-kDa beta A4 protein, which is derived from a much larger amyloid protein precursor (APP). A procedure for the complete purification of APP from human brain is described. The same amino terminal sequence of APP was found in tw...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08465.x
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exact molecular mechanism of ischemic neuronal death still remains unclear from rodents to primates. A number of studies using lower species animals have suggested implication of apoptosis cascade, while using monkeys the authors recently claimed necrosis cascade by calpain-induced leakage of lysosomal cathepsins ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00679.x
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leucine and beta-(+/-)-2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) stimulated, in a dose-dependent manner, reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate in rat brain synaptosomes treated with Triton X-100. The concentration dependence curves were sigmoid, with 10-15-fold stimulations at 15 mM leucine (or BCH); oxidat...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01967.x
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), acting at IL-1R1 receptors, affects neuronal signaling under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The molecular mechanism of the rapid synaptic actions of IL-1beta in neurons is not known. We show here that within minutes of IL-1beta exposure,...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03951.x
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb06369.x
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine tract near the C-terminus of the MJD-1 gene product, ataxin-3. Ataxin-3 is degraded by the proteasome. However, the precise mechanism of ataxin-3 degradation remains to be elucidated. In this st...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04460.x
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The natural vitamin E tocotrienols possess properties not shared by tocopherols. Nanomolar alpha-tocotrienol, not alpha-tocopherol, is potently neuroprotective. On a concentration basis, this finding represents the most potent of all biological functions exhibited by any natural vitamin E molecule. We sought to dissec...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04000.x
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The LIM homeobox family of transcription factors is involved in many processes during the development of the mammalian central nerves system. L3, also called Lhx8 (L3/Lhx8), is a recently identified member of the LIM homeobox gene family and is selectively expressed in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). Our previou...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03261.x
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the possible functional expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) by neural progenitors from embryonic mouse neocortex. Constitutive expression was seen with group I, II, and III mGluRs in undifferentiated cells and neurospheres formed by clustered cells during culture with epidermal growth ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05289.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rho kinase (ROCK) may play an important role in regulating biological events of cells, including proliferation, differentiation and survival/death. Blockade of ROCK promotes axonal regeneration and neuron survival in vivo and in vitro, thereby exhibiting potential clinical applications in spinal cord damage and stroke...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06876.x
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12029
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tamoxifen has been found to be neuroprotective in both transient and permanent experimental ischemic stroke. However, it remains unknown whether this agent shows a similar beneficial effect after spinal cord injury (SCI), and what are its underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of tamoxifen ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06077.x
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral microvessels isolated from perfused, adult murine brain produce a compound with the chromatographic properties of a monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid when incubated with arachidonic acid or stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187. The formation of this arachidonic acid metabolite is not reduced in the presenc...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07345.x
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The modulation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA) synthesis and release in rabbit retina in vitro by high K+; adenylate cyclase activators such as forskolin, 2-chloroadenosine, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP); and the putative DA autoreceptor agonist N-n-propyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) piperidine (3-PP...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00741.x
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
