Abstract:
:This opinion piece highlights the role of migratory birds in the spread of ticks and their role in the circulation and dissemination of pathogens in Europe. Birds with different lifestyles, i.e., non-migrants residing in a specific area, or short-, medium-, and long-distance migrants, migrating within one or several distant geographical regions are carriers of a number of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. During seasonal migrations, birds that cover long distances over a short time and stay temporarily in different habitats can introduce tick and pathogen species in areas where they have never occurred. An increase in the geographical range of ticks as well as the global climate changes affecting the pathogens, vectors, and their hosts increase the incidence and the spread of emerging tick-borne diseases worldwide. Tick infestations of birds varied between regions depends on the rhythms of tick seasonal activity and the bird migration rhythms determined by for example, climatic and environmental factors. In areas north of latitude ca. 58°N, immature Ixodes ricinus ticks are collected from birds most frequently, whereas ticks from the Hyalomma marginatum group dominate in areas below 42°N. We concluded that the prognosis of hazards posed by tick-borne pathogens should take into account changes in the migration of birds, hosts of many epidemiologically important tick species.
journal_name
Int J Environ Res Public Healthauthors
Buczek AM,Buczek W,Buczek A,Bartosik Kdoi
10.3390/ijerph17062117subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-23 00:00:00issue
6eissn
1661-7827issn
1660-4601pii
ijerph17062117journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The main routes of lead (Pb) absorption are through the airways and orally, and through consumption of contaminated food and beverage, with Pb mainly being absorbed in the atmospheric particulate form. In 2012, a cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the Pb environmental exposure in two Amazonian districts, ...
journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
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更新日期:2020-04-11 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of environmental research and public health
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更新日期:2020-01-07 00:00:00
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