Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Cadmium is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and has been associated with many adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the effect of cadmium exposure on taste and smell dysfunction. METHODS:We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 to investigate the associations between blood cadmium and taste and smell dysfunction among 5038 adults aged 40-80 years old. Taste and smell dysfunction were defined by questionnaires, examinations, or both criteria. RESULTS:In survey weighted logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income-to-poverty ratio (IPR), and education, individuals with a blood cadmium level in the highest tertiles had significantly higher odds of having perceived smell dysfunction (odds ratio (OR) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.84), perceived taste dysfunction (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.89), and taste dysfunction defined by both self-reported and objectively measured data (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.07). After further adjusting for body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking, consistent results were observed for perceived taste dysfunction (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.00), and no significant associations were found between cadmium exposure and other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that cadmium exposure is associated with perceived taste dysfunction.
journal_name
Int J Environ Res Public Healthauthors
Zheng Y,Shen Y,Zhu Z,Hu Hdoi
10.3390/ijerph17030943subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-03 00:00:00issue
3eissn
1661-7827issn
1660-4601pii
ijerph17030943journal_volume
17pub_type
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