Abstract：
:Users' modifications to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) products could increase initiation, inhibit cessation, or change the toxicity of the product. This study aims to begin to identify consumers' common ENDS modification behaviors. We conducted audio-recorded, in-depth one-on-one interviews with 13 adult ENDS users in the metropolitan Atlanta area, who self-reported extensive modification experience. Modifications to coils, batteries, and e-liquids were commonly mentioned. Participants indicated that users modified devices to produce large clouds, change levels of nicotine delivery, alter tastes of e-liquids, and experience different throat hits. Because manufacturers have changed product characteristics to be in line with consumer preferences, interviewees indicated that fewer users currently engage in modifications to coils and batteries compared to the more widespread practice a few years ago. Hobbyists continue to perform modifications and many users continue to misuse or abuse e-liquids, despite the view that fewer users currently alter their ENDS than in the past. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory actions that limit certain product characteristics may unintentionally increase the likelihood that users will once again make more extensive modifications to their products, and this should be considered as part of the FDA's regulatory decision-making process.
journal_name
Int J Environ Res Public Healthauthors
Li Y,Fairman RT,Churchill V,Ashley DL,Popova Ldoi
10.3390/ijerph17030918subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-02 00:00:00issue
3eissn
1661-7827issn
1660-4601pii
ijerph17030918journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic spreading worldwide, and Italy represented the first European country involved. Healthcare workers (HCWs) facing COVID-19 pandemic represented an at-risk population for new psychosocial COVID-19 strain and consequent mental health symptoms. The aim of ...
journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
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更新日期：2020-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of digital dental impressions with the accuracy of impressions obtained via conventional techniques. METHODS:Two different master models were created, one with parallel implants (model 1) and the other with non-parallel implants (model 2). These reference maste...
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更新日期：2020-05-19 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：International journal of environmental research and public health
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-11-27 00:00:00
