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Lithium in Drinking Water and Incidence of Suicide: A Nationwide Individual-Level Cohort Study with 22 Years of Follow-Up.

Abstract：

:Suicide is a major public health concern. High-dose lithium is used to stabilize mood and prevent suicide in patients with affective disorders. Lithium occurs naturally in drinking water worldwide in much lower doses, but with large geographical variation. Several studies conducted at an aggregate level have suggested an association between lithium in drinking water and a reduced risk of suicide; however, a causal relation is uncertain. Individual-level register-based data on the entire Danish adult population (3.7 million individuals) from 1991 to 2012 were linked with a moving five-year time-weighted average (TWA) lithium exposure level from drinking water hypothesizing an inverse relationship. The mean lithium level was 11.6 μg/L ranging from 0.6 to 30.7 μg/L. The suicide rate decreased from 29.7 per 100,000 person-years at risk in 1991 to 18.4 per 100,000 person-years in 2012. We found no significant indication of an association between increasing five-year TWA lithium exposure level and decreasing suicide rate. The comprehensiveness of using individual-level data and spatial analyses with 22 years of follow-up makes a pronounced contribution to previous findings. Our findings demonstrate that there does not seem to be a protective effect of exposure to lithium on the incidence of suicide with levels below 31 μg/L in drinking water.

journal_name

Int J Environ Res Public Health

journal_title

International journal of environmental research and public health

authors

Knudsen NN,Schullehner J,Hansen B,Jørgensen LF,Kristiansen SM,Voutchkova DD,Gerds TA,Andersen PK,Bihrmann K,Grønbæk M,Kessing LV,Ersbøll AK

doi

10.3390/ijerph14060627

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2017-06-10 00:00:00

issue

6

eissn

1661-7827

issn

1660-4601

pii

ijerph14060627

journal_volume

14

pub_type

杂志文章

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