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Predicting fear of heights, snakes, and public speaking from multimodal classical conditioning events.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Two hundred fifty one men and women participated in a study of the prediction of fear of heights, snakes, and public speaking by providing retrospective accounts of multimodal classical conditioning events involving those stimuli. The fears selected for study represent those believed by some to be innate (i.e., heights), prepared (i.e., snakes), and purely experientially learned (i.e., public speaking). This study evaluated the extent to which classical conditioning experiences in direct, observational, and verbal modes contributed to the prediction of the current level of fear severity. MATERIAL/METHODS:Subjects were asked to describe their current level of fear and to estimate their experience with fear response-augmenting events (first- and higher-order aversive pairings) and fear response-moderating events (first- and higher-order appetitive pairings, and pre- and post-conditioning neutral presentations) in direct, observational, and verbal modes. RESULTS:For each stimulus, fear was predictable from direct response-augmenting events and prediction was enhanced by the inclusion of response-moderating events. Furthermore, for each fear, maximum prediction was attained by the addition of variables tapping experiences in the observational and/or verbal modes. CONCLUSIONS:Conclusions are offered regarding the importance of including response-augmenting and response-moderating events in all three modes in both research and clinical applications of classical conditioning.

journal_name

Med Sci Monit

journal_title

Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research

authors

Wu NY,Conger AJ,Dygdon JA

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-04-01 00:00:00

pages

CR159-67

issue

4

eissn

1234-1010

issn

1643-3750

pii

8188

journal_volume

12

pub_type

杂志文章

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