Abstract：
:From a mathematical point of view, the genetic code is a surjective mapping between the set of the 64 possible three-base codons and the set of 21 elements composed of the 20 amino acids plus the Stop signal. Redundancy and degeneracy therefore follow. In analogy with the genetic code, non-power integer-number representations are also surjective mappings between sets of different cardinality and, as such, also redundant. However, none of the non-power arithmetics studied so far nor other alternative redundant representations are able to match the actual degeneracy of the genetic code. In this paper we develop a slightly more general framework that leads to the following surprising results: i) the degeneracy of the genetic code is mathematically described, ii) a new symmetry is uncovered within this degeneracy, iii) by assigning a binary string to each of the codons, their classification into definite parity classes according to the corresponding sequence of bases is made possible. This last result is particularly appealing in connection with the fact that parity coding is the basis of the simplest strategies devised for error correction in man-made digital data transmission systems.
journal_name
Med Sci Monitjournal_title
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical researchauthors
Gonzalez DLsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-01 00:00:00pages
HY11-7issue
4eissn
1234-1010issn
1643-3750pii
4184journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated changes in the levels of urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in patients undergoing mild hypothermia therapy and compared 8-OHdG expressions in those receiving whole-body cooling or selective head cooling. MATERIAL/METHODS:The subjects were 15 patients undergoing mild hypothermia therap...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.883208
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The CD95 gene plays a key role in regulating cell growth and tumor genesis. To date, several publications have focused on the CD95 rs1800682A/G site polymorphism and various types of tumors in Asians; however, this association is still controversial and obscure. Therefore, a meta-analysis combined with all p...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.12659/MSM.892547
更新日期：2015-02-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.910279
更新日期：2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The presence of a complex phenotype of type 2 diabetes results from impaired insulin secretion and action, whereas the mechanism of action of sulfonylurea derivatives, most commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, is based on their ability to directly inhibit the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KA...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.896039
更新日期：2015-10-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.883194
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.916977
更新日期：2019-10-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Despite the wide application of open reduction and internal fixation with locking plates for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures, the surgical invasive approach remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the pros and cons of the minimally invasive lateral approach for the treatment of proxim...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.893323
更新日期：2015-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.890585
更新日期：2014-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.901924
更新日期：2017-05-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.927716
更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.914517
更新日期：2019-05-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.893514
更新日期：2015-07-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/msm.901292
更新日期：2017-04-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.922129
更新日期：2020-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. To search for glomerular proteins associated with early-stage DN, glomeruli of spontaneous type 2 diabetic KKAy mice were analyzed by 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). MATERIAL AND METHODS:Glomeruli of 20-week s...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.893078
更新日期：2014-12-17 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,收录出版
doi：10.12659/MSM.907816
更新日期：2018-07-26 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.928796
更新日期：2021-01-26 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.920522
更新日期：2020-04-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.891219
更新日期：2014-12-10 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.924787
更新日期：2020-08-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.925693
更新日期：2020-10-24 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dysfunction of blood vessels and endothelial cells is regarded as a primary triggering factor of the development of autoimmunological processes in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc). Literature data suggest that the duration of Raynaud's phenomenon may correlate with disease severity. MATERIAL/METHODS:Th...
journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.909870
更新日期：2018-09-08 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12659/MSM.916855
更新日期：2019-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
