英文论文写作常用词汇和短语

　　写SCI论文时语言组织非常关键，以下就是整理的一些写作常用词汇和短语，希望大家能用得上：

　　差别：gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference;

　　存在，出现：occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present;

　　多数，少数：the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful;

　　方法：approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools;

　　发生率：Incidence, frequency, prevalence;

　　In contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs;

　　发现，阐明，报道，证实：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation;

　　改变：change, alteration;

　　高，增加：high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced;

　　各种，多种：in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors;

　　关系，相关，参与：closely involved in, associated;

　　广泛的in an extensive survey;

　　进行：conducte， perform, carry out;

　　降，少，缺：decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found;

　　角色，起作用：role, part (limited, potential, early, possible role)，serve antiapoptotic functions;

　　可能性：feasibility;

　　密切地：intimately;

　　难理解的，似谜的：enigmatic (x remains enigmatic);

　　潜在，假定的：potential, candidate, putative;

　　缩写：abbreviations;

　　识别，辨别：discernment;

　　用来描述事件：

　　Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology;

　　a putative tumor initiating event;

　　a (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial;

　　a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processes;

　　a common event associated with the mechanisms of;

　　a common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapy;

　　a common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicants;

　　a common event (that occurs) during apoptosis is……;

　　a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways;

　　a common event through which;

　　a common event in vivo;

　　a rather common event of unknown biological significance;

　　a common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrations;

　　a common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significance;

　　a common event contributing to;

　　a rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event

　　提供，帮助：provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in;

　　调节(失调，上调，下调)：dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation;

　　推测：presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论);

　　无所不在地：(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously;

　　显著,优先的：prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent;

　　表达相关性：

　　related, more relevant with ，the relevance of;

　　no intergroup difference，irrespective of;

　　There was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location;

　　Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.

　　No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.

　　we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).

　　相同，同等并列：

　　The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itself,

　　with a similar pattern to  XXX;

　　协同，加强：synergize with;

　　研究：analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,

　　一致：

　　which is in accord with the results,

　　which corroborated the results,

　　which supported the results;

　　优缺点：merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental;

　　异常：aberration, abnormality;

　　重要：crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance;

　　相反：

　　On the contrary,

　　In contrary,

　　but quite on the contrary

　　in sharp contrast,

　　contrary to what would be expected,

　　Contrary to the expectation that,

　　Contrary to previous beliefs,

　　Contrary to the hypothesis,

　　Contrary to current popular truisms,

　　Contrary to current cognitive theories,

　　However, contrary to expectation,…….

　　Contrary to predictions,…

　　in contrast to previous observations…

　　Contrary to prediction,……

　　Contrary to most previous claims,

　　与XXX一起:in combination with, coupled with  XXX

　　由于、鉴于：In light of，In view that