SCI论文写作的冠词使用技巧

2018.10.18 14:25
1591 1 0

  在英文论文中,冠词的使用特别讲究,我们必须根据英语的习惯加上必要的冠词,例如:新术式对防止术后腰痛有积极的作用(The new surgical procedure plays apositive role in the prevention of postoperative back pain)。本文例举英语医学论文中冠词的一些习惯用法,供医学论文译作者参考。

  1 器官、组织和解剖部位名称

  器官、组织和解剖部位名称的单数形式前一般要用定冠词: the mall intestine(小肠),the adrenal gland(肾上腺),theinternal thoracic artery(胸廓动脉),the dentate line(齿状线),the diaphragmaticsurface of the liver(肝膈面),the urinary system(泌尿系统)。这类名称并列出现时,可以只保留第一个而省略其他的定冠词: the heart, (the) lung and (the) kidney。

  2 疾病名称

  疾病名称前一般不用冠词: biliary fistula(胆瘘),adenoma(腺瘤),groinhernia(腹股沟疝),intestinal obstruction(肠梗阻)。Syndrome一词与专有名词合用时不用冠词:Cushing's syndrome(柯兴氏综合征),与非专有名词合用时习惯上要用定冠词: theadrenal cortical syndrome(肾上腺皮质综合征)。

  3 手术名称

  手术名称前一般不用冠词: hysterectomy(子宫切除术),laparoscopy(腹腔镜术),livertransplant(肝脏移植),urinary diversion(尿路分流术)。含有approach、technique、method等表示技术方法的单词的词组前习惯上要用冠词the或a/an:(1) thetranssphenoidal approach(经蝶手术径路),the immunohistochemicaltechnique(免疫组化技术),the sequence-based-typing method(直接测序法);(2) amodified approach(一种改良径路),a new technique(一种新技术),a relatively simple andconvenient method(一种相对简便的方法)。

  4 药物名称

  药物名称前不用冠词,如: gentamicin(庆大霉素),dicynone(止血敏),cephalosporin(先锋霉素),cyclosporinA (环孢素A)。

  5 缩略词

  缩略词前一般不用冠词: GERD(gastroesophageal reflux disease胃食管返流病),LapUS(laparoscopicultrosonograph腹腔镜超声技术),CHPS(congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄),FNAB(fineneedle aspiration biopsy细针抽吸活检)。

  6 序数词和基数词

  含序数词的词组前要用定冠词,而名词加基数词的词组前则不用任何冠词:(1)the first group,the first stage,thefirst step, the first 2 weeks,the first costae;(2)Group 1,Stage 1,Step 1, Table 1,Figure 1.

  7 重复出现的名词

  研究对象或方法第一次出现在摘要或论文中时,视其单复数形式或是否可数名词等情况采用不定冠词或不用任何冠词,再次或重复出现时要用定冠词修饰:

 (1) A patient with olfactory groove meningioma received microsurgicaltreatment. … Follow-up studies showed that the patient recovered well.

 (2)Nineteen patients underwent modified Madigan prostatectomy. … Of the 19 cases,17 showed no complications.

 (3)Microsurgery was performedon 12 patients. … After the operation, improvement was observed in 10.

  8 标题中的研究对象

  英文中可数名词泛指一般事物有三种方法:加定冠词the,加不定冠词a/an或使用复数。以下论文标题中rat既无冠词又无复数s的用法是错误的:Effect of somatostatin on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rat(生长抑素对大鼠部分肝切除后肝再生的影响)。研究对象出现在标题中时,为了达到简洁的目的,好采用不加冠词的名词复数形式: for cancer patients,in rabbits。

  9 论文作者单位

  论文作者的单位(科室、院系、附属医院、大专院校、研究机构等)名称前的定冠词可以省略,以求简洁,并且同一期刊应采用统一的用法: (the) Department of General Surgery, (the) Fourth Military MedicalUniversity, (the) Institute of Cancer Research。

  以专有名词命名的单位名称前不用冠词: Sun Yet-sen University of Medical Sciences,BethuneInternational Peace Hospital,Hunan Children's Hospital。

  10 其他

  以下是英语摘要和论文中经常使用的一些词组的正误用法对照,大家也可以进行参考:

  series of studies(误) aseries of studies(正)

  all time(误) all the time(正)

  most common disease(误)the/a most common disease(正)

  better way(误) a better way(正)

  result(s) of experiment(误) theresult(s) of the experiment(正)

  increase in(误) an/the increase in(正)

  (an) one-year old boy(误)a/the one-year old boy(正)

  both mother and baby(误)both the mother and the baby(正)

  follow-up of 6 months(误)a/the follow-up of 6 months(正)

  average length of hospitalization(误) theaverage length of hospitalization(正)

  treatment of(误) thetreatment of (正)

  close relationship between(误)a/the close relationship between(正)

  family history of(误)a/the family history of(正)

  retrospective study of(误) aretrospective study of(正)

  control group(误) thecontrol group(正)

  the another procedure(误) theother procedure or another procedure (正)

  only choice(误) theonly choice(正)

  on biological basis (误) ona/the biological basis (正)

  lack of (误) a/the lack of (正)

  (the) similar test (误) asimilar test (正)

  in the size/height/weight (误) insize/height/weight (正)

  pay a great attention to (误)pay great attention to (正)

  40 years of the age (误) 40years of age (正)

  over past decade (误)over the past decade (正)

  5-year survival rate (误)a/the 5-year survival rate (正)

  of a prime importance (误) ofprime importance (正)

  due to (the) unknown cause (误)due to an unknown cause (正)

  key to success (误)the/a key to success (正)

  important factor (误)an/the important factor (正)

  diameter of (误)the diameter of (正)

  side/long-term effect (误)a/the side/long-term effect (正)

  total number of (误)a/the total number of (正)

  对于医学论文的译作者来说,要掌握好英语冠词的用法,比较可行的办法是在了解英语冠词基本用法的基础上,多阅读英语医学文献。如果实在拿不准,可以将各种情况加引号在google学术中搜索,看哪种情况返回的结果多,在搜索时可以指定特别的期刊,如Nature、BMJ、Lancet等,这样结果更加准确。


投诉文章 ©著作权归作者所有
喜欢  |  1
0/200字
没有更多评论了~
悬赏问题
给科研问题设置一定金额,将更容易获得关注与回答哦~
  • 1元
  • 3元
  • 5元
  • 8元
  • 18元
  • 自定义
选择支付方式
  • 微信支付
  • 支付宝支付
  • 余额支付
Copyright © 2014-2019 晟斯医学 All Rights Reserved. 备案号:苏ICP备11037034号-5 版权所有:南京孜文信息咨询有限公司