Abstract:
CONTEXT:Valeriana jatamansi Jones [syn. V. wallichii DC, (Valerianaceae)] (VJJ) is used to treat depression. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of total iridoids of VJJ extract (TIV) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS:VJJ roots and rhizomes were extracted with 70% ethanol. CUMS rats were treated daily with fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg, i.g.) or TIV (5.7, 11.4, and 22.8 mg/kg, i.g.) for 14 days. Male Kun Ming mice on normal chow and 0.5% CMC-Na solution were used as a control. Behavioural tests included the tail suspension (TST) and sucrose preference tests (SPT). Evans blue staining was used to evaluate blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Western blotting was used to measure zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin expression. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyse intestinal flora abundance. Tax4Fun was used to predict KEGG metabolic pathways. RESULTS:TIV treatment reduced TST time (117.35 ± 8.23 or 108.95 ± 6.76 vs. 144.45 ± 10.30 s), increased SPT (55.83 ± 7.24 or 53.12 ± 13.85 vs. 38.98 ± 5.43%), increased the abundance of phylum Firmicutes (86.99 ± 0.03 vs. 60.88 ± 0.19%) and genus Lactobacillus (75.20 ± 0.19 vs. 62.10 ± 0.13%), reduced the abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes (6.69 ± 0.06 or 11.50 ± 0.09 vs. 25.07 ± 0.20%). TIV increased carbohydrate metabolism (14.50 ± 3.00 × 10-3 or 14.60 ± 2.00 × 10-3 or 14.90 ± 2.00 × 10-3 vs.13.80 ± 4.00 × 10-3%), replication and repair functions (5.60 ± 1.00 × 10-3 or 5.60 ± 1.00 × 10-3 vs. 5.10 ± 4.00 × 10-3%), reduced the frequency of infectious disease (1.60 ± 2.00 × 10-4 or 1.90 ± 5.00 × 10-4 or 1.80 ± 3.00 × 10-4 vs. 2.20 ± 7.00 × 10-3%), BBB permeability (0.77 ± 0.30 vs. 1.81 ± 0.33 μg/g), and up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 (1.42-fold, 1.60-fold, 1.71-fold) and occludin (1.79-fold, 2.20-fold). CONCLUSIONS:TIV may modulate the intestinal flora, thereby inducing the expression of ZO-1 and occludin, protecting the BBB and exerting an antidepressant effect.
journal_name
Pharm Bioljournal_title
Pharmaceutical biologyauthors
Zhang L,Wang L,Huang L,Zhao Y,Ding H,Li B,Wen L,Xiong W,Liu Y,Zhang T,Zhang L,Wu L,Xu Q,Fan Y,Wei G,Yin Q,Chen Y,Zhang T,Yan Zdoi
10.1080/13880209.2021.1944222keywords:
["Depression","bacteroidetes","blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability","firmicutes","functional prediction","lactobacillus"]subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-12-01 00:00:00pages
912-921issue
1eissn
1388-0209issn
1744-5116journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/13880200903133852
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903164386
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903222952
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903257974
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903029373
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903046203
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903296147
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903283699
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903190993
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903214223
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903104101
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903133837
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903062630
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is a significant relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular diseases. Reliability of new methods evaluating apnea in Holter ECG monitoring is still the matter of investigators' studies. METHODS:In 48-hour Holter ECG monitoring recordings of 63 patients, we assessed repeatabi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903081788
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder due to microdeletion in chromosome 7, has been described as a syndrome with an intriguing socio-cognitive phenotype. Cognitively, the relative preservation of language and face processing abilities coexists with severe deficits in visual-spatial tasks, as w...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903302838
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Williams syndrome (WS), a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder due to microdeletion in chromosome 7, has been described as a syndrome with an intriguing socio-cognitive phenotype. Cognitively, the relative preservation of language and face processing abilities coexists with severe deficits in visual-spatial tasks, as w...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903300220
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four different in vitro cytotoxicity tests were compared: the MTT assay, the NR assay, the uridine incorporation assay and the measurement of total cellular protein. The comparison was done using the BHK-21 cell line and nine selected test chemicals (colchicine, amitriptyline, cycloheximide, 2,5-hexandione, mercury ch...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880200903437852
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human activities impact marine ecosystems at a global scale and all levels of complexity of life. Despite their importance as key players in ecosystem processes, the stress caused to microorganisms has been greatly neglected. This fact is aggravated by difficulties in the analysis of microbial communities and their hi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.489228
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human activities impact marine ecosystems at a global scale and all levels of complexity of life. Despite their importance as key players in ecosystem processes, the stress caused to microorganisms has been greatly neglected. This fact is aggravated by difficulties in the analysis of microbial communities and their hi...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.487281
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Implicit learning, the non-conscious acquisition of sequential and spatial environmental regularities, underlies skills such as language, social intuition, or detecting a target in a complex scene. We examined relationships between a variation of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene (SLC6A3), which influences dopamine...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.499517
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although most meningiomas are encapsulated and benign tumors with limited numbers of genetic aberrations, their intracranial location often leads to serious and potentially lethal consequences. They are the most frequently diagnosed primary brain tumor accounting for 33.8% of all primary brain and central nervous syst...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.493177
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the behaviour of complex environmental systems, particularly as critical thresholds are approached, is vitally important in many contexts. Among these are the moisture-limited vegetation systems in semi-arid (SA) regions of the World, which support approximately 36 per cent of the human population, maint...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.505605
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a high prevalence. Since behavioral disturbances, such as psychotic symptoms, represent a key feature of AD, genes related to dopamine, serotonin and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are considered as candidate g...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.507769
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a novel neuropeptide, CCHamide, was discovered in the silkworm Bombyx mori (L. Roller et al., Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 38 (2008) 1147-1157). We have now found that all insects with a sequenced genome have two genes, each coding for a different CCHamide, CCHamide-1 and -2. We have also cloned and deorphaniz...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.504967
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, and quinazoline derivatives were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis and their CB1/CB2 receptor activities were determined using the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay. Most of the prepared quinoline, isoquinoline, and quinoxalinyl phenyl amines showed low-potency partial CB2 rec...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200001)3811-BFT013
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, and quinazoline derivatives were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis and their CB1/CB2 receptor activities were determined using the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay. Most of the prepared quinoline, isoquinoline, and quinoxalinyl phenyl amines showed low-potency partial CB2 rec...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200001)3811-BFT068
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, and quinazoline derivatives were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis and their CB1/CB2 receptor activities were determined using the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay. Most of the prepared quinoline, isoquinoline, and quinoxalinyl phenyl amines showed low-potency partial CB2 rec...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200004)3821-1FT152
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, and quinazoline derivatives were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis and their CB1/CB2 receptor activities were determined using the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay. Most of the prepared quinoline, isoquinoline, and quinoxalinyl phenyl amines showed low-potency partial CB2 rec...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT204
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, and quinazoline derivatives were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis and their CB1/CB2 receptor activities were determined using the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay. Most of the prepared quinoline, isoquinoline, and quinoxalinyl phenyl amines showed low-potency partial CB2 rec...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200009)3841-AFT268
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, and quinazoline derivatives were synthesized using microwave-assisted synthesis and their CB1/CB2 receptor activities were determined using the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay. Most of the prepared quinoline, isoquinoline, and quinoxalinyl phenyl amines showed low-potency partial CB2 rec...
journal_title:Pharmaceutical biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/1388-0209(200009)3841-AFT313
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00