Abstract:
BACKGROUND:China is reforming the way it finances health care as it moves towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) after the failure of market-oriented mechanisms for health care. Improving financing equity is a major policy goal of health care system during the progression towards universal coverage. METHODS:We used progressivity analysis and dominance test to evaluate the financing channels of general taxation, pubic health insurance, and out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. In 2012 a survey of 8854 individuals in 3008 households recorded the socioeconomic and demographic status, and health care payments of those households. RESULTS:The overall Kakwani index (KI) of China's health care financing system is 0.0444. For general tax KI was -0.0241 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.0315 to -0.0166). The indices for public health schemes (Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance, Urban Resident's Basic Medical Insurance, New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme) were respectively 0.1301 (95% CI: 0.1008 to 0.1594), -0.1737 (95% CI: -0.2166 to -0.1308), and -0.5598 (95% CI: -0.5830 to -0.5365); and for OOP payments KI was 0.0896 (95%CI: 0.0345 to 0.1447). OOP payments are still the dominant part of China's health care finance system. CONCLUSION:China's health care financing system is not really equitable. Reducing the proportion of indirect taxes would considerably improve health care financing equity. The flat-rate contribution mechanism is not recommended for use in public health insurance schemes, and more attention should be given to optimizing benefit packages during China's progression towards UHC.
journal_name
BMC Health Serv Resjournal_title
BMC health services researchauthors
Chen M,Palmer AJ,Si Ldoi
10.1186/s12913-017-2798-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-12-29 00:00:00pages
852issue
1issn
1472-6963pii
10.1186/s12913-017-2798-7journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Off-patent pharmaceuticals (OPPs) hold vital importance in meeting public health objectives, especially in developing countries where resources are limited. OPPs are comprised of off-patent originals, branded generics and unbranded generics; nonetheless, these products are not identical and often there are d...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3805-3
更新日期:2018-12-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Disrespectful and abusive care of women during their pregnancies has been shown to be a barrier for women accessing health care services for antenatal care and delivery. As part of an implementation research study to improve women's access to health care services in Rorya District, Mara, Tanzania, we conduct...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3463-5
更新日期:2018-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Japan, as the number of elderly covered by the Long-term Care Insurance (LTCI) system has increased, demand for long-term care services has increased substantially and consequently growing expenditures are threatening the sustainability of the system. Understanding the predictive factors associated with l...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-103
更新日期:2011-05-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Biomedical research constantly produces new findings but these are not routinely translated into health care practice. One way to address this problem is to develop effective interventions to translate research findings into practice. Currently a range of empirical interventions are available and systematic ...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-3-22
更新日期:2003-12-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Travel burden is a key element in conceptualizing geographic access to health care. Prior research has shown that both rural and minority populations bear disproportionate travel burdens. However, many studies are limited to specific types of patient or specific locales. The purpose of our study was to quant...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-40
更新日期:2007-03-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Specialist health services are often organised on a regionalised basis whereby clinical resources and expertise are concentrated in areas of high population. Through a high volume caseload, regionalised facilities may provide improved clinical outcomes for patients. In some cases, regionalisation may be the ...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-163
更新日期:2013-05-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The increasing diversity of population in European Countries poses new challenges to national health systems. There is a lack of data on accessibility and use of health care services by migrants, appropriateness of the care provided, client satisfaction and problems experienced when confronting the health ca...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-8-207
更新日期:2008-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While there is a significant focus on the health and well-being of women during pregnancy, labour and birth, much less emphasis is placed on the care of postpartum women and their infants in primary care following the birth. Some studies have investigated the role of GPs in postpartum care, and others examin...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1508-1
更新日期:2016-07-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Governments increasingly require policy documents to be evidence-based. This paper analyses the use of scientific evidence in such documents by reviewing reports from government-appointed committees in Norway to assess the committees' handling of questions of effect. METHODS:This study uses the 'Index of Sc...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-9-177
更新日期:2009-09-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A major part of midwifery care involves the empowerment of women and their families for the control of factors affecting their health. To this end, midwives should experience their own empowerment first. The present study was conducted to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Perception ...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05326-y
更新日期:2020-05-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the Netherlands, midwives are autonomous medical practitioners and 78% of pregnant women start their maternity care with a primary care midwife. Scientific research to support evidence-based practice in primary care midwifery in the Netherlands has been sparse. This paper describes the research design and...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-69
更新日期:2012-03-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Technology-based self-assessment (TB-SA) benefits patients and providers and has shown feasibility, ease of use, efficiency, and cost savings. A promising TB-SA, the VA eScreening program, has shown promise for the efficient and effective collection of mental and physical health information. To assist adopti...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4436-z
更新日期:2019-08-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The presence of certain underlying medical conditions is known to increase the risk of pneumococcal disease in persons of all ages and across a wide spectrum of conditions, as demonstrated in two recent evaluations. Corresponding estimates of attributable economic costs have not been well characterized. We t...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1432-4
更新日期:2016-05-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Payers and policy makers across the international healthcare market are increasingly using publicly available summary measures to designate providers as "high-performing", but no consistently-applied approach exists to identifying high performers. This paper uses publicly available data to examine how differ...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4293-9
更新日期:2019-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the United States (US), Medicaid capitated managed care costs are controlled by optimizing patients' healthcare utilization. Adults in capitated plans utilize primary care providers (PCP) more than emergency departments (ED), compared to fee-for-service (FFS). Pediatric data are lacking. We aim to determi...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05409-w
更新日期:2020-06-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The quality of care delivered and clinical outcomes of care are of paramount importance. Wide variations in the outcome of emergency care have been suggested, but the scale of variation, and the way in which outcomes are inter-related are poorly defined and are critical to understand how best to improve serv...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-270
更新日期:2014-06-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the magnitude and factors responsible for delay in TB management. DESIGN:A cross sectional hospital based survey in Dar es Salaam region, May 2006. RESULTS:We interviewed 639 TB patients. A total of 78.4% of patients had good knowledge on TB transmission. Only 35.9% had good knowledge on the sympt...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-8-158
更新日期:2008-07-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To explore the perceptions of health workers on the risks of contracting tuberculosis at Namwala District Hospital. Tuberculosis literature indicates that health workers are at risk of contracting tuberculosis while conducting their daily duties in the workplace. This is mainly attributed to low tuberculosis...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-020-05877-0
更新日期:2020-11-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In many European countries, Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) providers report their activities and results annually. Ideally, this report should offer an overview of their activities and of the outcome regarding occupational health and safety. To establish a set of epidemiological and performance indicat...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-410
更新日期:2014-09-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single greatest contributor to the gap in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Our objective is to determine if holistic CVD risk assessment, introduced as part of the new Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Adult Health Check (AHC), results...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-24
更新日期:2011-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:When tested in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 31,411 patients, the nurse-led 6-PACK falls prevention program did not reduce falls. Poor implementation fidelity (i.e., program not implemented as intended) may explain this result. Despite repeated calls for the examination of implementation fidelity as...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2315-z
更新日期:2017-06-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients' views are being given more and more importance in policy-making. Understanding populations' perceptions of quality of care is critical to developing measures to increase the utilization of primary health care services. Using the data from the South African World Health Survey (WHS), the current stu...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-9-117
更新日期:2009-07-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Healthcare communications directed toward the disadvantaged have the potential to elevate the health status of these underprivileged and highly-challenged individuals. From conveying advice which encourages healthy lifestyles to communicating the location and availability of various medical resources, health...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2754-6
更新日期:2017-12-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:After election in 1994, the South African government implemented national and regional programmes, such as the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative (SDI), to provoke economic growth and to decrease inequities. CIET measured development in the Wild Coast region across four linked cross-sectional surveys ...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-S2-S5
更新日期:2011-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US and incurs high health care costs. While many initiatives promote the implementation of ABCS (aspirin therapy, blood pressure control, cholesterol management, and smoking cessation) measures, most primary care practices (PCPs) lack quality ...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3189-4
更新日期:2018-06-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most current knowledge of the incidence of medical adverse events (AEs) comes from studies carried out in hospital settings. Little is known about AEs occurring outside hospitals, in spite the fact that most of contacts between patients and health care take place in primary care. Small sample population stud...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-46
更新日期:2013-02-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Optimising health professionals' contribution is an essential step in effective and efficient health human resources utilisation. However, despite the considerable efforts made to implement advanced practice nursing roles, including those in primary care settings (PHCNP), the optimisation of these roles rema...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4731-8
更新日期:2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A palliative approach at the end of life typically involves forgoing certain drugs and procedures and starting others - weighing burden against potential benefit. An assessment of the palliative approach may be undertaken by investigating which drugs and procedures are used in the dying phase, and at what fr...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12913-014-0496-2
更新日期:2014-10-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Transmural Trauma Care Model (TTCM) is a refined post-clinical rehabilitation approach, in which a multidisciplinary hospital-based team guides a network of primary care physical therapists in the treatment of trauma patients. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the TTCM compar...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4547-6
更新日期:2019-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Geographical variation in health care services challenges the basic principle of fair allocation of health care resources. This study aimed to investigate geographical variation in the use of X-ray, CT, MRI and Ultrasound examinations in Norway, the contribution from public and private institutions, and the ...
journal_title:BMC health services research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-21
更新日期:2007-02-15 00:00:00