Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Rapidly evolving socioeconomic and technological trends make it challenging to improve access, effectiveness and efficiency in the use of pharmaceuticals. This paper identifies and systematically classifies the prevailing pharmaceutical policies worldwide in relation to a country's income status. METHODS:A literature search was undertaken to identify and taxonomize prevailing policies worldwide. Countries that apply those policies and those that do not were then grouped by income status. RESULTS:Pharmaceutical policies are linked to a country's socioeconomics. Developed countries have universal coverage and control pharmaceuticals with external and internal price referencing systems, and indirect price-cost controls; they carry out health technology assessments and demand utilization controls. Price-volume and risk-sharing agreements are also evolving. Developing countries are underperforming in terms of coverage and they rely mostly on restrictive state controls to regulate prices and expenditure. CONCLUSIONS:There are significant disparities worldwide in the access to pharmaceuticals, their use, and the reimbursement of costs. The challenge in high-income countries is to maintain access to care whilst dealing with trends in technology and aging. Essential drugs should be available to all; however, many low- and middle-income countries still provide most of their population with only poor access to medicines. As economies grow, there should be greater investment in pharmaceutical care, looking to the policies of high-income countries to increase efficiency. Pharmaceutical companies could also develop special access schemes with low prices to facilitate coverage in low-income countries.
journal_name
BMC Health Serv Resjournal_title
BMC health services researchauthors
Maniadakis N,Kourlaba G,Shen J,Holtorf Adoi
10.1186/s12913-017-2304-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-25 00:00:00pages
371issue
1issn
1472-6963pii
10.1186/s12913-017-2304-2journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:The number of requests to pre-hospital emergency medical services (PEMS) has increased in Europe over the last 20 years, but epidemiology of PEMS interventions has little be investigated. The aim of this analysis was to describe time trends of PEMS activity in a region of western Switzerland. METHODS:Use of...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-14-380
更新日期：2014-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The State of Louisiana spends the most on Medicare beneficiaries per capita, but reports greater disparities in health status and death rates than other states. This project sought to investigate the associations between healthcare intensity, healthcare spending, and mortality in Louisiana. METHODS:We used ...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-019-4275-y
更新日期：2019-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We lack national and cross-national studies of physicians' perceptions of quality of patient care, professional autonomy, and job satisfaction to inform clinicians and policymakers. This study aims to compare such perceptions in Canada, the United States (U.S.), and Norway. METHODS:We analyzed data from lar...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-13-516
更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To our knowledge no study has at the same time assessed patients' satisfaction and their expectations concerning the organizational and contextual aspects of health care provided by their primary care physician (PCP). Assessing these aspects is important to inform future primary healthcare service planning. ...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-015-0985-y
更新日期：2015-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Potential adverse drug events (PADEs) are defined as being potentially harmful unintentional medication discrepancies. Discrepancies regarding medication history (MH) often occur when a patient is being admitted to a hospital's emergency department (ED); they are clinically important and represent a signific...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12913-015-0990-1
更新日期：2015-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In France, equality in access to screening has been one of the main thrusts of public policies implemented between 2009 and 2013 (the national cancer plan). Our aim in this study was to analyse the obstacles to and levers for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening uptake and their trends over time...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-14-465
更新日期：2014-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Newborn hearing screening programs aim to lower the ages at audiological intervention among hearing-impaired children. In Wallonia and Brussels (Belgium), audiological intervention data are not collected in the screening program, and the ages at initiating audiological care have never been assessed. This stu...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12913-018-2878-3
更新日期：2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mental health presentations are considered to be a difficult aspect of emergency care. Although emergency department (ED) staff is qualified to provide emergency mental health care, for some, such presentations pose a challenge to their training, confidence, and time. Providing access to relevant and respons...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-015-0839-7
更新日期：2015-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee is the second most common MRI examination in Norway after head/brain MRI. Little has been published internationally on trends in the use of knee MRI after 1999. This study aimed to describe levels and trends in ambulant knee MRI utilisation in Norway 2002-2004 in ...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-7-115
更新日期：2007-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Like much of the developed world, healthcare costs in Canada are rising. A small proportion of patients account for a large proportion of healthcare spending and much of this spending occurs in acute care settings. The purpose of our study was to determine potentially modifiable factors related to care proce...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-017-2746-6
更新日期：2017-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This systematic review and meta-analysis aims at assessing the composition and performance of care management models evaluated in the last decade and their impact on patient important outcomes. METHODS:A comprehensive literature search of electronic bibliographic databases was performed to identify care man...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-12-72
更新日期：2012-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:About one-third of the world's population lack access to essential medicines and this is further compounded by inappropriate prescription, dispensing, sale and use of the available medicines. The objective of the study was to assess the patterns of medicine use among health facilities in eastern Ethiopia usi...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12913-016-1414-6
更新日期：2016-04-23 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Currently, hospital nursing care workers (hereafter referred to as HNCWs) have become an important part of the healthcare system in China. They exist in nearly all of the public hospitals and in some private hospitals, making up 20 to 30% of the total nursing staff and providing 30 to 40% of basic nursing ca...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-018-3281-9
更新日期：2018-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patients education is considered a valuable mean to prevent and control healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This cross-sectional study aims to assess declared practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding the delivery of information about HAIs to patients. METHODS:A 14-item multiple-choice questionn...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-017-2021-x
更新日期：2017-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Understanding the organisational set-up of physiotherapy services across different countries is increasingly important as clinicians around the world use evidence to improve their practice. This also has to be taken into consideration when multi-centre international clinical trials are conducted. This survey...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12913-016-1750-6
更新日期：2016-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Work stress is a major problem for nurses and it can negatively influence job performance. Therefore, it is critical to explore variables that can reduce or buffer the negative effects of work stress. This study explores the moderating effects of coping strategies on the relationship between work stress and ...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-017-2348-3
更新日期：2017-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A novel point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) training program was developed to train rural healthcare providers in Kenya on the Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST), thoracic ultrasound, basic echocardiography, and focused obstetric ultrasonography. The program includes a multimedia manual, pre-c...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-018-3196-5
更新日期：2018-08-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human resources play a critical role in encouraging efficient performance within organisations, especially for public healthcare organisations, where competences of staff are key aspects of the quality of services provided. In this context, the enhancement of competences are strategic objectives for Human Re...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-020-05179-5
更新日期：2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a cause of hospital mortality and managing its morbidity is associated with significant expenditure. Uptake of evidenced based guideline recommendations intended to prevent VTE in hospital settings is sub-optimal. This study was conducted to explore clinicians' attitudes and t...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-11-240
更新日期：2011-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The community pharmacy center of the Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine of the Policlinique Médicale Universitaire (PMU), Lausanne, Switzerland developed and implemented an interprofessional medication adherence program for chronic patients (IMAP). In 2014, a project was launched to impleme...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12913-018-3509-8
更新日期：2018-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Prompt access to artemesinin-combination therapy (ACT) is not adequate unless the drug is taken according to treatment guidelines. Adherence to the treatment schedule is important to preserve efficacy of the drug. Although some community based studies have reported fairly high levels of adherence, data on fa...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-12-146
更新日期：2012-06-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The goal of universal health coverage is challenging for chronically under-resourced health systems. Although household out-of-pocket payments are the most important source of health financing in low-income countries, relatively little is known about the drivers of primary health care expenditure and the pre...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-018-3211-x
更新日期：2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The involvement of mental health service users and their caregivers in health system policy and planning, service monitoring and research can contribute to mental health system strengthening, but as yet there have been very few efforts to do so in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS:This syste...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12913-016-1323-8
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Migration has been shown to be associated with negative mental health outcomes. Moreover, migrants tend to underutilise mental health services. The current study aimed to assess the association between predictors, divided into three groups (predisposing, enabling and need), and two outcome variables: (1) pas...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-018-3504-0
更新日期：2018-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Swiss ambulatory care is characterized by independent, and primarily practice-based, physicians, receiving fee for service reimbursement. This study analyses supply sensitive services using ambulatory care claims data from mandatory health insurance. A first research question was aimed at the hypothesis that...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-10-315
更新日期：2010-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinical documentation systems, such as templates, have been associated with process utilization. The T-System emergency department (ED) templates are widely used but lacking are analyses of the templates association with processes. This system is also unique because of the many different template options av...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1472-6963-11-65
更新日期：2011-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about the participation of surgeons in preventative health activities in the non-admitted hospital care setting. The aim of this study was to identify which preventive health activities surgeons practice and to explore their attitudes towards preventive health. METHODS:A mixed methods study ...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-019-4186-y
更新日期：2019-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To examine key factors influencing chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients' total expenditure and offer recommendations on how to reduce total cost of CKD care without compromising quality. METHODS:Using the 2002-2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data, our cross-sectional study analyzed 197 patient...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-016-1922-4
更新日期：2016-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In several health systems of advanced countries, reforms have changed primary care in the last two decades. The literature has assessed the effects of a variety of interventions and individual factors on the behavior of general practitioners (GPs). However, there has been a lack of investigation concerning t...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-017-2467-x
更新日期：2017-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Access to health care is a particular concern given the important role of poor access in perpetuating poverty and inequality. South Africa's apartheid history leaves large racial disparities in access despite post-apartheid health policy to increase the number of health facilities, even in remote rural areas...
journal_title：BMC health services research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12913-014-0541-1
更新日期：2014-11-04 00:00:00
