Abstract:
BACKGROUND:This study is a systematic evaluation of a novel tobacco product, electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) using a two-site, four-arm, 6-month, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a follow-up to 9 months. Virginia Commonwealth University is the primary site and Penn State University is the secondary site. This RCT design is important because it is informed by analytical work, clinical laboratory results, and qualitative/quantitative findings regarding the specific ECIG products used. METHODS:Participants (N = 520) will be randomized across sites and must be healthy smokers of >9 cigarettes for at least one year, who have not had a quit attempt in the prior month, are not planning to quit in the next 6 months, and are interested in reducing cigarette intake. Participants will be randomized into one of four 24-week conditions: a cigarette substitute that does not produce an inhalable aerosol; or one of three ECIG conditions that differ by nicotine concentration 0, 8, or 36 mg/ml. Blocked randomization will be accomplished with a 1:1:1:1 ratio of condition assignments at each site. Specific aims are to: characterize ECIG influence on toxicants, biomarkers, health indicators, and disease risk; determine tobacco abstinence symptom and adverse event profile associated with real-world ECIG use; and examine the influence of ECIG use on conventional tobacco product use. Liquid nicotine concentration-related differences on these study outcomes are predicted. Participants and research staff in contact with participants will be blinded to the nicotine concentration in the ECIG conditions. DISCUSSION:Results from this study will inform knowledge concerning ECIG use as well as demonstrate a model that may be applied to other novel tobacco products. The model of using prior empirical testing of ECIG devices should be considered in other RCT evaluations. TRIAL REGISTRATION:TRN: NCT02342795 , registered December 16, 2014.
journal_name
BMC Public Healthjournal_title
BMC public healthauthors
Lopez AA,Cobb CO,Yingst JM,Veldheer S,Hrabovsky S,Yen MS,Foulds J,Eissenberg Tdoi
10.1186/s12889-016-2792-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-03 00:00:00pages
217issn
1471-2458pii
10.1186/s12889-016-2792-8journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验abstract:BACKGROUND:The cognitive processes responsible for effortful behavioural regulation are known as the executive functions, and are implicated in several factors associated with behaviour control, including focussing on tasks, resisting temptations, planning future actions, and inhibiting prepotent responses. Similar to ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1006
更新日期:2014-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:By 2050, sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) urban population is expected to grow from 414 million to over 1.2 billion. This growth will likely increase challenges to municipalities attempting to provide access to water supply and sanitation (WS&S). This study aims to characterize trends in access to WS&S in SSA citi...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-208
更新日期:2014-02-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The prevalence of alcohol consumption among males living in urban settlements in South Africa is high. This paper aims to measure socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol use among men residing in informal settlements and also to examine the factors associated with inequality in alcohol use among men living in ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5925-4
更新日期:2018-08-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Greek-Cypriot (G/C) and Turkish-Cypriot (T/C) communities have lived apart since 1974, with the former presumably adopting a more westernized way of life. We estimated the prevalence of asthma and allergies among children in the two communities and investigated differences in socio-demographic and lifest...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-585
更新日期:2013-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::The scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Malawi was based on a public health approach adapted to its resource-poor setting, with principles and practices borrowed from the successful tuberculosis control framework. From 2004 to 2015, the number of new patients started on ART increased from about 3000 to over 82...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3620-x
更新日期:2016-09-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Political violence and war are push factors for migration and social determinants of health among migrants. Somali migration to Sweden has increased threefold since 2004, and now comprises refugees with more than 20 years of war experiences. Health is influenced by earlier life experiences with adverse sexua...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-892
更新日期:2014-08-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Physical activity (PA) surveillance is an important component of non-communicable disease risk factor monitoring, and occurs through national and international surveillance systems. This review identifies population PA estimates for adults in the Asia-Pacific region, and examines variation in trends and prev...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-41
更新日期:2012-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is growing evidence of the increased cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption, but this is not well understood by the general public. This study investigated the acceptability among drinkers of cancer warning statements for alcoholic beverages. METHODS:Six focus groups were conducted with Austr...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-786
更新日期:2014-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the last decade, the attention for health literacy has increased in the European Union. This is due to three main reasons. First, reviews have shown that inadequate health literacy is associated with worse health outcomes, higher health care use and expenditure. Second, in all European countries the popul...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6331-7
更新日期:2018-12-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Global demographics are changing as societies all over the world are aging. This puts focus on maintaining functional ability and independence into older age. Individuals from lower social classes are at greater risk of developing limitations in physical function later in life. In this study, we investigated...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09431-9
更新日期:2020-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the recent increase in HIV infections among adolescents, little is known about their HIV knowledge and perceptions. This study, therefore, sought to examine the factors associated with comprehensive HIV knowledge, stigma, and HIV risk perceptions among young adolescents aged 10-14 years in Akwa Ibom ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7890-y
更新日期:2020-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Follow-up of HIV-exposed children for the delivery of prevention of mother-to-child transmission services and for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection is critical to their survival. Despite efforts, uptake of postnatal care for these children remains low in many sub-Saharan African countries. METH...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1240
更新日期:2014-12-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lower extremity (LE) peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is associated with a reduced quality of life and increased mortality from atherosclerotic cardio-/cerebro-vascular occlusion, is a significant public health problem, especial for an aging society such as that of Taiwan. METHODS:Specific datasets of...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1107
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-related discrimination amongst healthcare providers is one of the strongest obstacles to effectively responding to HIV. This study was conducted to explore the occurrence of and other factors related to discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS amongst healthcare providers in Guangzhou, China. ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5654-8
更新日期:2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Salt reduction is a public health priority but there are few studies testing the efficacy of plausible salt reduction programs. METHODS:A multi-faceted, community-based salt reduction program using the Communication for Behavioral Impact framework was implemented in Lithgow, Australia. Single 24-h urine sam...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3064-3
更新日期:2016-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the present study the effect of a workplace-oriented intervention for persons on long-term sick leave for clinical burnout, aimed at facilitating return to work (RTW) by job-person match through patient-supervisor communication, was evaluated. We hypothesised that the intervention group would show a more ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-301
更新日期:2010-06-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Métis are descendants of early 17th century relationships between North American Indians and Europeans. This study's objectives were: (1) to compare the health status of the Métis people to all other residents of Manitoba, Canada; and (2) to analyze factors in predicting the likelihood of diabetes and relate...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-814
更新日期:2011-10-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Experiences of encounters with professionals have been shown to influence return to work (RTW) among sickness absentees in general. The aim was to gain knowledge on experiences of encounters with healthcare professionals and the ability to RTW among women on long-term sickness absence (SA) due to breast canc...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6666-8
更新日期:2019-03-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Skin antisepsis occurs in every healthcare environment. From basic hand hygiene, to antiseptic bathing and pre surgical care with alcohol/chlorhexidine, use of antimicrobial agents to reduce the skin microflora has skyrocketed in the past several years. Although used in hopes of reducing the likelihood of in...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7507-5
更新日期:2019-08-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-08-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:'Pop-up' warning messages have potential as a Responsible Gambling tool, but many warning messages in the literature are generic. The present study simulated digital roulette to compare the effectiveness of expenditure-specific, generic and control messages, during online roulette. METHODS:Forty-five casual...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-06-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malaria in pregnancy in India, as elsewhere, is responsible for maternal anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight and preterm birth.It is not known whether prevention and treatment strategies for malaria in pregnancy (case management, insecticide-treated bednets, intermittent preventive...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-09-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Colorectal cancer screening uptake within the South Asian population in England is approximately half that of the general population (33 % vs 61 %), and varies by Muslim (31.9 %), Sikh (34.6 %) and Hindu (43.7 %) faith background. This study sought to explore reasons for low uptake of CRC screening in South ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2334-9
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Pan American Health Organization provides technical cooperation to countries in Latin America and the Caribbean for the scale-up of HIV care and treatment based on the Treatment 2.0 initiative. Fourteen Joint Review Missions (JRMs) were conducted between March 2012 and October 2014. Evaluating the degree...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2015-12-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to assess the lifestyle behaviours of a national sample of hospital doctors working in Ireland. We also sought to compare the prevalence of these behaviours in doctors to the general Irish population. METHODS:This was a national cross-sectional study of a randomised sample of hospit...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6451-8
更新日期:2019-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lack of physical activity is an important risk factor for overweight, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions. In the Netherlands, ethnic minority groups are generally less physically active and rate their own health poorer compared to ethnic Dutch. This applies in particular to women. ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-406
更新日期:2008-12-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of paraprofessional home-visitations on improving the circumstances of disadvantaged families is unclear. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review the effectiveness of paraprofessional home-visiting programs on developmental and health outcomes of young children from disadvanta...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-17
更新日期:2013-01-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The decreasing suicide rate in China has been regarded as a major contributor to the decline of global suicide rate in the past decade. However, previous estimations on China's suicide rates might not be accurate, since often they were based on the data from the Ministry of Health's Vital Registration ("MOH-...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5161-y
更新日期:2018-02-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People often search for information on influenza A(H1N1)v prevention on the web. The extent to which information found on the Internet is consistent with recommendations issued by the World Health Organization is unknown. METHODS:We conducted a search for "swine flu" accessing 3 of the most popular search e...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-561
更新日期:2010-09-20 00:00:00