Abstract:
:Attention allocation during pursuit of a spot is usually characterized as asymmetric with more attention placed ahead of the target than behind it. However, attention is symmetrically allocated across larger pursuit stimuli. An unresolved issue is how tightly attention is constrained on large stimuli during pursuit. Although some work shows it is tightly locked to the fovea, other work shows it is allocated flexibly. To investigate this, we had observers perform a character identification task on large pursuit stimuli composed of arrays of five, nine, or 15 characters spaced between 0.6° and 4.0° apart. Initially, the characters were identical, but at a random time, they all changed briefly, rendering one of them unique. Observers identified the unique character. Consistent with previous literature, attention appeared narrow and symmetric around the pursuit target for tightly spaced (0.6°) characters. Increasing spacing dramatically expanded the attention scope, presumably by mitigating crowding. However, when we controlled for crowding, performance was limited by set size, suffering more for eccentric targets. Interestingly, the same limitations on attention allocation were observed with stationary and pursued stimuli-evidence that attention operates similarly during fixation and pursuit of a stimulus that extends into the periphery. The results suggest that attention is flexibly allocated during pursuit, but performance is limited by crowding and set size. In addition, performing the identification task did not hurt pursuit performance, further evidence that pursuit of large stimuli is relatively inattentive.
journal_name
J Visjournal_title
Journal of visionauthors
Watamaniuk SN,Heinen SJdoi
10.1167/15.9.9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
9issue
9issn
1534-7362pii
2397759journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Strategic use of advanced information about search display properties can benefit covert attentional selection. However, little work has investigated this benefit on overt selection. The present study examined how cued information impacts oculomotor selection over time and the role played by individual differences in ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/14.3.27
更新日期:2014-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Frequent target stimuli are detected more rapidly than infrequent ones. Here, we examined whether the frequency effect reflected durable attentional biases toward frequent target features, and whether the effect was confined to featural properties that defined the target. Participants searched for two specific target ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.1.36
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gaze behavior during scene and object recognition can highlight the relevant information for a task. For example, salience maps-highlighting regions that have heightened luminance, contrast, color, etc. in a scene-can be used to predict gaze targets. Certain tasks, such as face recognition, result in a typical pattern...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.2.9
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a three-mode expressive-feature model for recognizing gender (female, male) from point-light displays of walking people. Prototype female and male walkers are initially decomposed into a subspace of their three-mode components (posture, time, and gender). We then apply a weight factor to each point-light tr...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/4.5.2
更新日期:2004-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Visual prostheses for the restoration of functional vision are currently under development. To guide prosthesis research and allow for an accurate prognosis of functional gain, simulating the experience of a retinal prosthesis in healthy individuals is desirable. Current simulation paradigms lack crucial aspects of th...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.14.32
更新日期:2010-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::We recently demonstrated that observers are capable of encoding not only summary statistics, such as mean and variance of stimulus ensembles, but also the shape of the ensembles. Here, for the first time, we show the learning dynamics of this process, investigate the possible priors for the distribution shape, and dem...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.2.21
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation to specific visuomotor mappings becomes faster when switching back and forth between them. What is learned when repeatedly switching between the visuomotor mappings: the absolute mappings or the relative shift between the mappings? To test this, we trained participants in a rapid pointing task using a uniqu...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.2.26
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated spatial displacement and temporal duration thresholds for discriminating the motion direction of gratings for a broad range of speeds (0.06 degrees/s to 30 degrees/s) in fovea and at +/-30 degrees eccentricity. In general, increased speed yielded lower duration thresholds but higher displacement threshold...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/9.1.30
更新日期:2009-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Are people biologically prepared for the rapid detection of threat posed by an angry facial expression, even when it is conveyed in the form of a schematic line drawing? Based on visual search times, the current literature would suggest that the answer is yes. But are there low-level explanations for this effect? Here...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/19.7.6
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The image information guiding visual behavior is acquired and maintained in an interplay of gaze shifts and visual short-term memory (VSTM). If storage capacity of VSTM is exhausted, gaze shifts can be used to regain information not currently represented in memory. By varying the separation between relevant image regi...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.1.7
更新日期:2008-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The darker-is-deeper heuristic was originally proposed by Langer and Zucker (1994) for approximating 3D shape from shading under conditions of diffuse illumination that typically occur for outdoor scenes on a cloudy day, and it is based on the assumption that vignetting is the primary source of luminance variation und...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/15.15.2
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a low-cost, practical gaze-contingent display in which natural images are presented to the observer with dioptric blur and stereoscopic disparity that are dependent on the three-dimensional structure of natural scenes. Our system simulates a distribution of retinal blur and depth similar to that expe...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/14.8.13
更新日期:2014-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Men with normal color vision vary widely in the ratio of long- (L) to middle-wavelength sensitive (M) cones. This variation provides opportunities to test models for the mechanism that produces L versus M cones during development. The L and M photopigment genes lie in a tandem array. Each gene has a promoter, and upst...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/4.3.7
更新日期:2004-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::The accurate perception of another person's gaze direction underlies most social interactions and provides important information about his or her future intentions. As a first step to measuring gaze perception, most experiments determine the range of gaze directions that observers judge as being direct: the cone of di...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.5.18
更新日期:2013-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial attention shifts receptive fields in monkey extrastriate visual cortex toward the focus of attention (S. Ben Hamed, J. R. Duhamel, F. Bremmer, & W. Graf, 2002; C. E. Connor, J. L. Gallant, D. C. Preddie, & D. C. Van Essen, 1996; C. E. Connor, D. C. Preddie, J. L. Gallant, & D. C. Van Essen, 1997; T. Womelsdorf...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/7.11.5
更新日期:2007-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Humans can estimate and encode numerosity over a large range, from very few items to several hundreds. Two distinct mechanisms have been proposed: subitizing, for numbers up to four and estimation for larger numerosities. We have recently extended this idea by suggesting that for very densely packed arrays, when items...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/19.6.14
更新日期:2019-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::Early visual processing analyses fine and coarse image features separately. Here we show that motion signals derived from fine and coarse analyses are combined in rather a surprising way: Coarse and fine motion sensors representing the same direction of motion inhibit one another and an imbalance can reverse the motio...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/7.12.8
更新日期:2007-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::Psychophysical experiments have demonstrated that it is possible to simultaneously perceive binocular depth and rivalry in plaids (A. Buckthought & H. R. Wilson, 2007). Here, we used fMRI at 3T to image activity in the visual cortex while human subjects perceived depth and rivalry from plaids. Six subjects performed e...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/11.6.3
更新日期:2011-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral viewing is characterized by poor resolution and distortions as compared to central viewing; nevertheless, when we move our gaze around, the visual scene does not appear to change. One possible mechanism leading to perceptual uniformity would be that peripheral appearance is extrapolated based on foveal info...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.9.14
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the results of three experiments in which observers judged the albedo of surfaces at different locations in rendered, three-dimensional scenes consisting of two rooms connected by a doorway. All surfaces composing the rooms were achromatic and Lambertian, and a gradient of illumination increased with depth. ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/5.10.8
更新日期:2005-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Optical blur in the peripheral retina is known to be highly anisotropic due to nonrotationally symmetric wavefront aberrations such as astigmatism and coma. At the neural level, the visual system exhibits anisotropies in orientation sensitivity across the visual field. In the fovea, the visual system shows higher sens...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/16.5.1
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Search is commonly described as a repeating cycle of guidance to target-like objects, followed by the recognition of these objects as targets or distractors. Are these indeed separate processes using different visual features? We addressed this question by comparing observer behavior to that of support vector machine ...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/13.3.30
更新日期:2013-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::The visual environment changes at multiple timescales. It has been recently demonstrated that visual adaptation is composed of multiple mechanisms operating at differing timescales to accommodate the environmental changes. However, whether multiple adaptation mechanisms correspond to different stages of visual process...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.1.1
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a stimulus is presented, its sensory trace decays rapidly, lasting for approximately 1000 ms. This brief and labile memory, referred as iconic memory, serves as a buffer before information is transferred to working memory and executive control. Here we explored the effect of different factors--geometric, spatial,...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/8.5.9
更新日期:2008-05-23 00:00:00
abstract::It is debated whether different forms of bistable perception result from common or separate neural mechanisms. Binocular rivalry involves perceptual alternations between competing monocular images, whereas ambiguous figures such as the Necker cube lead to alternations between two possible pictorial interpretations. Pr...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/4.7.2
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Express saccades (ES) are the most reflexive saccadic eye movements, with very short reaction times of 70-110 ms. It is likely that ES have the shortest saccade reaction times (SRTs) possible given the known physiological and anatomical delays present in sensory and motor systems. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrate...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.3.2
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In visual crowding, identification of a peripheral object is impaired by nearby objects. Recent studies have demonstrated that crowding is not limited only to interaction between low-level features or parts, as presumed by most models of crowding, but can also occur between high-level, configural representations of ob...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/17.11.7
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared the effects of age on the perception of translational, radial, and rotational global motion patterns. Motion coherence thresholds were measured for judging the direction of each motion type as a function of contrast (visibility) and temporal sampling rate in young and elderly participants. Coherenc...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.10.15
更新日期:2010-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Previously demonstrated learning effects in shifts of transient attention have only been shown to result in beneficial effects upon secondary discrimination tasks and affect landing points of express saccades. Can such learning result in more direct effects upon perception than previously demonstrated? Observers perfo...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/9.4.21
更新日期:2009-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::Although visual systems are optimized to deal with the natural visual environment, our understanding of human motion perception is in large part based on the use of artificial stimuli. Here, we assessed observers' ability to estimate the direction of translating natural images and fractals by having them adjust the or...
journal_title:Journal of vision
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/10.11.5
更新日期:2010-09-03 00:00:00