Abstract：
:In the occlusion illusion, a partly occluded object is perceived as though it were less occluded than it actually is (Palmer, Brooks, & Lai, 2007). We confirm and extend this finding using a stimulus with a moving occluder. In agreement with Palmer et al.'s (2007) findings and their partial-modal-completion hypothesis, we found that the illusion is indeed related to the sensory evidence for occlusion. Our experiments also confirm their speculation that the occlusion illusion involves an intriguing, seemingly paradoxical percept. In our experiments, subjects viewed an opaque disk with an open sector rotating in front of a background and indicated the perceived angular extent (a) of the occluder and (b) of the part of the background experienced as directly visible through the open sector. While the former was judged quite accurately, the latter was clearly overestimated. Thus, the angular extent of the background experienced as occluded and the extent experienced as directly visible sum to more than 360°, which makes the total percept an impossible figure. We argue that the key to resolving this paradox is to question the seemingly self-evident assumption that occluded and unoccluded portions of a visual scene are represented by amodal and modal percepts, respectively. Instead, we propose that visual percepts are experienced as modal whenever they are based on sufficiently conclusive sensory evidence and are otherwise experienced as amodal. Functionally, this perceptual representation of the conclusiveness of the sensory evidence underlying perceptual inferences might be more useful than estimates about optical visibility.
journal_name
J Visjournal_title
Journal of visionauthors
Scherzer TR,Ekroll Vdoi
10.1167/15.1.22subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-22 00:00:00pages
15.1.22issue
1issn
1534-7362pii
15.1.22journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We examined whether observers veridically perceive the reflectances of real objects under natural viewing conditions. A new forced-choice paradigm was used to measure observers' abilities to identify (not match) the reflectance of randomly crumpled gray papers across two levels of illumination, and also to simultaneou...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/4.9.9
更新日期：2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We used fMRI to examine the neural correlates of subjective reversals for bistable structure-from-motion. We compared transparent random-dot kinematograms depicting either a cylinder rotating in depth or two flat surfaces translating in opposite directions at apparently different depths. For both such stimuli, the mot...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/12.6.35
更新日期：2012-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Does human vision show the contrast invariance expected of an ideal stereoscopic system for computing depth from disparity? We used random-dot stereograms to investigate the luminance contrast effect on perceived depth from disparity. The perceived depth of disparity corrugations was measured by adjusting the length o...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.11.20
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whenever two or more sensory inputs are highly consistent in one or more dimension(s), observers will be more likely to perceive them as a single multisensory event rather than as separate unimodal events. For audiovisual speech, but not for other noncommunicative events, participants exhibit a "unity effect," whereby...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/8.9.14
更新日期：2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract：:In binocular viewing, images presented to the amblyopic eye are suppressed in the cortex to prevent confusion or diplopia. The present study measures depth and extent of interocular suppression across the central circular 24° visual field in observers with strabismus and microstrabismus. Visual stimuli were concentric...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.10.20
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent research has begun to explore not just the spatial distribution of eye fixations but also the temporal dynamics of how we look at the world. In this investigation, we assess how scene characteristics contribute to these fixation dynamics. In a free-viewing task, participants viewed three scene types: fractal, l...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/14.9.8
更新日期：2014-08-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Ocular following responses (OFRs) are tracking eye movements elicited at ultrashort latency by the sudden movement of a textured pattern. Here we report the results of our study of their dependency on the spatial arrangement of the motion stimulus. Unlike previous studies that looked at the effect of stimulus size, we...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/12.4.13
更新日期：2012-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The investigation of cognitive influence on binocular rivalry has a long history. However, the effects of visual WM on rivalry have never been studied so far. We examined top-down modulation of rivalry perception in four experiments to compare the effects of visual WM and sustained selective attention: In the first th...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/14.5.13
更新日期：2014-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The pedestal effect is the improvement in the detectability of a sinusoidal grating in the presence of another grating of the same orientation, spatial frequency, and phase-usually called the pedestal. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the pedestal effect is differently modified by spectrally flat and notch-filter...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/9.7.15
更新日期：2009-07-31 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigate how the population nonlinearities resulting from lateral inhibition and thresholding in sparse coding networks influence neural response selectivity and robustness. We show that when compared to pointwise nonlinear models, such population nonlinearities improve the selectivity to a preferred stimulus an...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/jov.20.12.10
更新日期：2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of signal and noise on contrast discrimination are difficult to separate because of a singularity in the signal-detection-theory model of two-alternative forced-choice contrast discrimination (Katkov, Tsodyks, & Sagi, 2006). In this article, we show that it is possible to eliminate the singularity by combi...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.5.12
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In daily life, humans interact with multiple objects in complex environments. A large body of literature demonstrates that target selection is biased toward recently attended features, such that reaches are faster and trajectory curvature is reduced when target features (i.e., color) are repeated (priming of pop-out)....
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.9.7
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During binocular rivalry (BR), conflicting monocular images are alternately suppressed from awareness. During suppression of an image, contrast sensitivity for probes is reduced by approximately 0.3-0.5 log units relative to when the image is in perceptual dominance. Previous studies on rivalry suppression have led to...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/9.11.17
更新日期：2009-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Patterned backgrounds can induce large shifts in color appearance, even with patterns of only 10% S-cone contrast (S. K. Shevell & P. Monnier, 2005). The present study tested whether a background pattern could induce color shifts even at a below-threshold contrast. In the first experiment, S-cone contrast threshold fo...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/8.12.7
更新日期：2008-09-23 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the controversy regarding double training in motion discrimination learning. We collected data from 43 participants in a motion direction discrimination learning task with either double training (i.e., training plus exposure) or single training (i.e., no exposure). By pooling these data with those in t...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/17.6.7
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In simultaneous masking, flanking elements impair performance on a visual target. Previous studies on simultaneous masking have predominantly used discrimination threshold estimation to quantify performance on the target. Results based on thresholds suggest that an important factor in simultaneous masking is the stren...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/14.6.6
更新日期：2014-10-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of fixational eye motion has implications for the neural and computational underpinnings of vision. One component of fixational eye motion is tremor, a high-frequency oscillatory jitter reported to be anywhere from ∼11-60 arcseconds in amplitude. In order to isolate the effects of tremor on the retinal image...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/19.11.8
更新日期：2019-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:We rely on color to select objects as the targets of our actions (e.g., the freshest fish, the ripest fruit). To be useful for selection, color must provide accurate guidance about object identity across changes in illumination. Although the visual system partially stabilizes object color appearance across illuminatio...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/15.6.13
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the primary goals of motion analysis is to accurately track the movement of objects in the environment. We report on a novel illusion in which two objects moving with identical physical velocities have different perceived velocities, creating an apparent offset in their relative spatial positions. The stimulus ...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1167/6.2.4
更新日期：2006-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Gaze behavior during scene and object recognition can highlight the relevant information for a task. For example, salience maps-highlighting regions that have heightened luminance, contrast, color, etc. in a scene-can be used to predict gaze targets. Certain tasks, such as face recognition, result in a typical pattern...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/17.2.9
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The magnitudes of spike responses of area 17 (striate cortex, area V1) neurons to stimulation of their classical receptive fields were reduced (suppressed) when the stimuli extended into the silent surround regions. We found that when optimally oriented sine-wave drifting grating patches extended into the distant part...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/9.1.20
更新日期：2009-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:S.-W. Wu, M. F. Dal Martello, and L. T. Maloney (2009) evaluated subjects' performance in a visuo-motor task where subjects were asked to hit two targets in sequence within a fixed time limit. Hitting targets earned rewards and Wu et al. varied rewards associated with targets. They found that subjects failed to maximi...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/10.6.1
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When two verniers are presented in rapid succession at the same location, feature fusion occurs. Instead of perceiving two separate verniers, participants typically report perceiving one fused vernier, whose offset is a combination of the two previous verniers, with the later one slightly dominating. Here, we examined...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/18.6.20
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scene viewing is used to study attentional selection in complex but still controlled environments. One of the main observations on eye movements during scene viewing is the inhomogeneous distribution of fixation locations: While some parts of an image are fixated by almost all observers and are inspected repeatedly by...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/19.6.5
更新日期：2019-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Contrast discrimination functions for simple gratings famously look like a dipper. Discrimination thresholds are lower than detection thresholds for moderate pedestal contrasts, and the rate of growth of thresholds as the pedestal contrast gets larger typically lies between the values implied by two popular treatments...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1167/11.14.9
更新日期：2011-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Early visual processing analyses fine and coarse image features separately. Here we show that motion signals derived from fine and coarse analyses are combined in rather a surprising way: Coarse and fine motion sensors representing the same direction of motion inhibit one another and an imbalance can reverse the motio...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/7.12.8
更新日期：2007-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:A fundamental issue in visual attention is the relationship between the useful field of view (UFOV), the region of visual space where information is encoded within a single fixation, and eccentricity. A common assumption is that impairing attentional resources reduces the size of the UFOV (i.e., tunnel vision). Howeve...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/16.2.7
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Express saccades (ES) are the most reflexive saccadic eye movements, with very short reaction times of 70-110 ms. It is likely that ES have the shortest saccade reaction times (SRTs) possible given the known physiological and anatomical delays present in sensory and motor systems. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrate...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/17.3.2
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The leading edge of the a-wave of the ERG is generally believed to accurately reflect the changes in the circulating current through the cGMP-gated channels in the outer segment plasma membrane of rods and cones. The aspartate-isolated mammalian electroretinogram (ERG) to a rod-saturating flash contains a fast "nose"-...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/9.12.9
更新日期：2009-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Because we live in a dynamic environment with moving eyes and body, our retinas are often stimulated by new scenes that appear suddenly and are only briefly available. How the visual system successfully extracts information from such challenging stimulation is not yet understood. For some stimuli, like photos of natur...
journal_title：Journal of vision
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1167/12.10.3
更新日期：2012-09-06 00:00:00
