Validation and application of the lattice Boltzmann algorithm for a turbulent immiscible Rayleigh-Taylor system.

abstract：:We review the present state of our understanding of mantle convection with respect to geochemical and geophysical evidence and we suggest a model for mantle convection and its evolution over the Earth's history that can reconcile this evidence. Whole-mantle convection, even with material segregated within the D" regio...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Albarède F,Van Der Hilst RD

更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Worldwide, there are many pilot forestry projects that are under some stage of implementation, and much experience has been gained from them with respect to measuring, monitoring, and accounting for their carbon benefits. Forestry projects have been shown to be easier to quantify and monitor than national inventories,...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Brown S

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The controversy over the issues of carbon sinks and emissions trading nearly aborted the Kyoto Protocol. The lengthy and intense debate over the roles that each are to play under the Protocol and the consequent political compromises has resulted in a complex set of provisions and an arcane nomenclature. The distinctio...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Bettelheim EC,D'Origny G

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Reliable, repeatable earthquake forecast is a subject surrounded by controversy and scepticism. What is clear is that reliable forecast would be a critical tool for effective earthquake disaster management. It is proposed that satellites and ground-based facilities may detect earthquake precursors in the ionosphere a ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Jason SJ,Pulinets S,da Silva Curiel A,Liddle D

更新日期：2003-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:I discuss the discovery of a population of extremely luminous, but very dusty and very distant, galaxies in the submillimetre (submm) waveband. Almost all the light emitted by the stars in these galaxies is absorbed by interstellar dust (which is produced by the same stars) and re-radiated in the far-infrared. This le...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Smail I

更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The earthquake cycle is poorly understood. Earthquakes continue to occur on previously unrecognized faults. Earthquake prediction seems impossible. These remain the facts despite nearly 100 years of intensive study since the earthquake cycle was first conceptualized. Using data acquired from satellites in orbit 800 km...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Wright TJ

更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic nanocrystals with well-defined shapes are important for understanding basic size-dependent scaling laws, and may be useful in a wide range of applications. Methods for controlling the shapes of inorganic nanocrystals are evolving rapidly. This paper will focus on how we currently control the shape of nanocry...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Scher EC,Manna L,Alivisatos AP

更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Insofar as quantum-dot structures represent the extrapolation of today's microstructures used for electronic and optoelectronic device applications, their low-cost manufacture presents many challenges which will take some time to overcome if tunnel and quantum-well devices are any guide. ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Kelly MJ

更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate by experiment the influence of suspended solids upon the transition to turbulence in pipe flow. The particles are monodisperse and neutrally buoyant with the liquid. The role of the particles on the transition depends upon both the volume fraction, phi, and particle size. Below a critical particle diame...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Matas JP,Morris JF,Guazzelli E

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonlinear waves in a forced channel flow of two contiguous homogeneous fluids of different densities are considered. Each fluid layer is of finite depth. The forcing is due to an obstruction lying on the bottom. The study is restricted to steady flows. First a weakly nonlinear analysis is performed. At leading order t...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Dias F,Vanden-Broeck JM

更新日期：2002-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The imaging and spectral capabilities of the Chandra X-ray Observatory and XMM-Newton are extremely well suited for studying the remnants of supernovae. High-resolution imaging over the band 0.1-10 keV maps the detailed structure of the supernova remnant, delineates the forward and reverse shock fronts and facilitates...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Canizares CR

更新日期：2002-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Two aspects of global climate change are particularly relevant to river and coastal flooding: changes in extreme precipitation and changes in sea level. In this paper we summarize the relevant findings of the IPCC Third Assessment Report and illustrate some of the common results found by the current generation of coup...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Senior CA,Jones RG,Lowe JA,Durman CF,Hudson D

更新日期：2002-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The concentration of industrial, residential and agricultural activity on the lowlands surrounding our estuaries has led to an increasing problem of flood risk in these areas. However, flood hazards have been, in large part, the result of past human interference in the estuary system and as such may be reduced by more...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Townend I,Pethick J

更新日期：2002-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:As quantum chemistry plays a more and more central role in many complicated chemical problems, it has become necessary to obtain accurate results for large molecular systems. Conventional quantum chemistry methods are either too expensive to apply to large systems or too approximate for the results to be reliable, and...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Morokuma K

更新日期：2002-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper celebrates Thomas Young's discovery that wave interference was responsible for much that is known about light and colour. A substantial programme of work has been aimed at controlling the noise of aerodynamic flows. Much of that field can be explained in terms of interference and it is argued in this paper ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Williams JE

更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Young's pioneering studies of interference have led to fundamental developments in wave physics. Supernumerary rainbows were the first example of diffraction associated with caustics. Cotidal lines (connecting places where the tide is high at a given time) were the first example of wavefronts in the modern sense (patt...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Berry MV

更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Sr/Ca ratio of coccoliths was recently proposed as a potential indicator of past growth rates of coccolithophorids, marine algae, which play key roles in both the global carbonate and carbon cycles. We synthesize calibrations of this proxy through laboratory culture studies and analysis of monospecific coccolith a...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Stoll HM,Ziveri P,Geisen M,Probert I,Young JR

更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Daily precipitation in the UK has changed over the period 1961-2000, becoming on average more intense in winter and less intense in summer. Recent increases in total winter precipitation are shown to be mainly due to an increase in the amount of precipitation on wet days, with a smaller contribution in the western UK ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Osborn TJ,Hulme M

更新日期：2002-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:I consider an autonomous agent to be a physical system able to act on its own behalf, such as a bacterium swimming up a glucose gradient. I tentatively define an autonomous agent to be a system capable of self-reproduction and at least capable of performing one thermodynamic work cycle. I give a hypothetical chemical ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Kauffman S

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the collective activities performed by social insects result in the formation of complex spatio-temporal patterns. Without centralized control, workers are able to work together and collectively tackle tasks far beyond the abilities of any one individual. The resulting patterns produced by a colony are not exp...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Theraulaz G,Gautrais J,Camazine S,Deneubourg JL

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In cavity-quantum-electrodynamics experiments, two-level Rydberg atoms and single-photon microwave fields can be seen as qubits. Quantum gates based on resonant and dispersive atom-field effects have been realized, which implement various kinds of conditional dynamics between these qubits. We have also studied the int...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Haroche S

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We review progress at the Australian Centre for Quantum Computer Technology towards the fabrication and demonstration of spin qubits and charge qubits based on phosphorus donor atoms embedded in intrinsic silicon. Fabrication is being pursued via two complementary pathways: a 'top-down' approach for near-term producti...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Clark RG,Brenner R,Buehler TM,Chan V,Curson NJ,Dzurak AS,Gauja E,Goan HS,Greentree AD,Hallam T,Hamilton AR,Hollenberg LC,Jamieson DN,McCallum JC,Milburn GJ,O'Brien JL,Oberbeck L,Pakes CI,Prawer SD,Reilly DJ,Ruess

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The marginally rigid state is a candidate paradigm for what makes granular material a state of matter distinct from both liquid and solid. The coordination number is identified as a discriminating characteristic, and for rough-surfaced particles we show that the low values predicted are indeed approached in simple two...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Ball RC,Blumenfeld R

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The advance of technology proceeds through an evolutionary process, with many different new departures in competition with each other and with prevailing practice, and with ex-post selection determining the winners and losers. In modern times what gives power to the process is the strong base of scientific and technol...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Nelson RR

更新日期：2003-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It has long been recognized that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is potentially sensitive to greenhouse-gas and other climate forcing, and that changes in the MOC have the potential to cause abrupt climate change. However, the mechanisms remain poorly understood and our ability to detect these ch...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Dickson RR,Curry R,Yashayaev I

更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although many people feel themselves to be familiar with Grey Walter's ideas, and with the design principles of his tortoises, most of the published sources are lacking in detail. This paper gathers together images and written material from a variety of published and unpublished sources to set both the man and his wor...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Holland O

更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-trial learning is studied in an evolved robot model of synaptic spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). Robots must perform positive phototaxis but must learn to perform negative phototaxis in the presence of a short-lived aversive sound stimulus. STDP acts at the millisecond range and depends asymmetrically ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Di Paolo EA

更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Solution of large systems of linear algebraic equations is required in many areas of science and technology, and when several million unknown variables are involved, this apparently simple problem can assume gargantuan proportions. During the last half century many methods have been developed with the aim of providing...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Ford JM

更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Optical microscopy with nanoscale resolution, beyond that which is possible with conventional diffraction-limited microscopy, may be achieved by scanning a nanoantenna in close proximity to a sample surface. This review will first aim to provide an overview of the basic principles of this technique of scanning near-fi...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Richards D

更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We highlight the remarkable evolution in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum C(l) as a function of multipole l over the past few years, and in the cosmological parameters for minimal inflation models derived from it: from anisotropy results before 2000; in 2000 and 2001 from Boomerang, Maxima and the ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Bond JR,Contaldi C,Pogosyan D

更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00