Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Several studies have investigated attitudes to and compliance with smoking bans, but few have been conducted in healthcare settings and none in such a setting in Portugal. Portugal is of particular interest because the current ban is not in line with World Health Organization recommendations for a "100% smoke-free" policy. In November 2007, a Portuguese teaching-hospital surveyed smoking behaviour and tobacco control (TC) attitudes before the national ban came into force in January 2008. METHODS:Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study, including all eligible staff. SAMPLE:52.9% of the 1, 112 staff; mean age 38.3 ± 9.9 years; 65.9% females. Smoking behaviour and TC attitudes and beliefs were the main outcomes. Bivariable analyses were conducted using chi-squared and MacNemar tests to compare categorical variables and Mann-Whitney tests to compare medians. Multilogistic regression (MLR) was performed to identify factors associated with smoking status and TC attitudes. RESULTS:Smoking prevalence was 40.5% (95% CI: 33.6-47.4) in males, 23.5% (95% CI: 19.2-27.8) in females (p < 0.001); 43.2% in auxiliaries, 26.1% in nurses, 18.9% among physicians, and 34.7% among other non-health professionals (p = 0.024). The findings showed a very high level of agreement with smoking bans, even among smokers, despite the fact that 70.3% of the smokers smoked on the premises and 76% of staff reported being frequently exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS). In addition 42.8% reported that SHS was unpleasant and 28.3% admitted complaining. MLR showed that smoking behaviour was the most important predictor of TC attitudes. CONCLUSIONS:Smoking prevalence was high, especially among the lower socio-economic groups. The findings showed a very high level of support for smoking bans, despite the pro-smoking environment. Most staff reported passive behaviour, despite high SHS exposure. This and the high smoking prevalence may contribute to low compliance with the ban and low participation on smoking cessation activities. Smoking behaviour had greater influence in TC attitudes than health professionals' education. Our study is the first in Portugal to identify potential predictors of non-compliance with the partial smoking ban, further emphasising the need for a 100% smoke-free policy, effective enforcement and public health education to ensure compliance and promote social norm change.
journal_name
BMC Public Healthjournal_title
BMC public healthauthors
Ravara SB,Calheiros JM,Aguiar P,Barata LTdoi
10.1186/1471-2458-11-720subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-09-23 00:00:00pages
720issn
1471-2458pii
1471-2458-11-720journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, remain important public health problems with devastating health effects for men and women in sub-Saharan Africa. There have been calls to engage men in prevention efforts, however, we lack effective approaches to reach...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2774-x
更新日期:2016-02-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the high mortality and morbidity resulting from acute respiratory infections (ARI) globally, there are few data from low-income countries on costs of ARI to inform public health policy decisions We conducted a prospective survey to assess costs of ARI episodes in selected primary, secondary, and tert...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1685-6
更新日期:2015-04-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe wasting affects 16 million under 5's and carries an immediate risk of death. Prevalence remains unacceptably high in sub-Saharan Africa and early infancy is a high-risk period. We aimed to explore risk factors for severe wasting in rural Gambian infants. METHODS:We undertook a case-control study from...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4984-2
更新日期:2018-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The high level of premature death due to non-communicable diseases has been associated with unhealthful lifestyles, including poor diet. The effectiveness of public health strategies designed to promote health via messages focusing on food and diets depends largely on the perception of the messages by the pu...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1884-1
更新日期:2015-06-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People with a condition subject to stigmatisation, such as chronic hepatitis B, face the dilemma of whether or not to disclose their status. In Ghana, 12.3% of the adult population has the hepatitis B virus (HBV). One key strategy for breaking the cycle of hepatitis B transmission is the disclosure of hepati...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08811-5
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An effective referral system is critical to ensuring access to appropriate and timely healthcare services. In pluralistic healthcare systems such as Bangladesh, referral inefficiencies due to distance, diversion to inappropriate facilities and unsuitable hours of service are common, particularly for the urba...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09594-5
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level is a surrogate marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disorder in adolescents. The majority of previous NAFLD studies in adolescents were performed in selected obese populations or had a cross-sectional design without a time...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5548-9
更新日期:2018-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In Australia there have been many calls for government action to halt the effects of unhealthy food marketing on children's health, yet implementation has not occurred. The attitudes of those involved in the policy-making process towards regulatory intervention governing unhealthy food marketing are not well...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-1123
更新日期:2012-12-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:African, Caribbean and other Black (ACB) people are a priority group for HIV prevention in Canada, but little is known about the epidemiology of HIV risk in this population. This paper helps fill the knowledge gap by: presenting service providers' and ACB people's perceptions about HIV risk in ACB population...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-184
更新日期:2013-03-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the last 20 years, South Africa has experienced political, economic, and demographic transitions accompanied by an epidemiological transition. Like several sub-Saharan countries, the South African population is facing both under-and over-nutrition, and nutrition and lifestyle related chronic disease while...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1844-9
更新日期:2015-06-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Kids save lives statement recommends annual Basic Life Support (BLS) training for school children but the implementation is challenging. Trainings should be easy to realise and every BLS training should be as effective as possible to prepare learners for lifesaving actions. Preparedness implies skills an...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8161-7
更新日期:2020-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Seasonal variation affects nutrition particularly in contexts where people's food consumption depends on their production of food. Assessing the effect of the season on nutrition status can help us to identify strategies to address undernutrition. This study aims to measure the variations in food consumption...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7333-9
更新日期:2019-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous research has shown large and increasing relative differences in mortality by marital status in several countries, but few studies have considered trends in cause-specific mortality by marital status among elderly people. METHODS:The author uses discrete-time hazard regression and register data cove...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-537
更新日期:2011-07-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We examined how socioeconomic position (SEP) across the lifecourse (three critical periods, social mobility and accumulated over time) is associated with allostatic load (a measure of cumulative physiological burden). METHODS:Data are from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study, with respondents aged 35 (n = ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-184
更新日期:2014-02-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Frequent handwashing can prevent infections, but non-compliance to hand hygiene is pervasive. Few theory- and evidence-based interventions to improve regular handwashing are available. Therefore, two intervention modules, a motivational and a self-regulatory one, were designed and evaluated. METHODS:In a lo...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1453-7
更新日期:2015-02-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been a sharp increase in the incidence of breast cancer in China in recent years. A number of female physical characteristics, such as age at menarche, menopause, first birth and the duration of breastfeeding, have been linked to breast cancer, yet data on these factors in Chinese women is largely ...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-368
更新日期:2012-05-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies have suggested that vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine resulted in an apparent higher risk of infection with pandemic influenza H1N1 2009. A simple mathematical model incorporating strain competition and a hypothesised temporary strain-transcending immunity is constructed to investiga...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-S1-S11
更新日期:2011-02-25 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hypertension, known as the silent killer, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Awareness and treatment of hypertension is not appropriate in the world, and this has led to an increase in mortality and morbidity caused by uncontrolled hypertension. This study aims to estimate awareness, treated,...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08831-1
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:General Practitioners (GPs) are well placed to care for patients with (chronic) substance use problems. This pilot was carried out to study the feasibility and usefulness of a continuous surveillance of substance use problems among general practice patients. The objectives were (i) to describe variables with...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3885-0
更新日期:2016-12-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We investigated whether lack of perceived neighborhood safety due to crime, or living in high crime neighborhoods was associated with incident mobility disability in elderly populations. We hypothesized that low-income elders and elders at retirement age (65 - 74) would be at greatest risk of mobility disabi...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-162
更新日期:2009-05-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Medical work capacity evaluations play a key role in social security schemes because they usually form the basis for eligibility decisions regarding disability benefits. However, the evaluations are often poorly standardized and lack transparency as decisions on work capacity are based on a claimant's diseas...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-1088
更新日期:2012-12-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Follow-up of HIV-exposed children for the delivery of prevention of mother-to-child transmission services and for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection is critical to their survival. Despite efforts, uptake of postnatal care for these children remains low in many sub-Saharan African countries. METH...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1240
更新日期:2014-12-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We report the prevalence of recommended physical activity levels (RPALs) and examine the correlates of achieving RPALs in rural South Asian children and analyse its association with anthropometric outcomes. METHODS:This analysis on rural South Asian children aged 5-14 years (n = 564) is a part of the Chroni...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3353-x
更新日期:2016-08-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The interface between research and policymaking in low-income countries is highly complex. The ability of health systems research to influence policy processes in such settings face numerous challenges. Successful analysis of the research-policy interface in these settings requires understanding of contextua...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-309
更新日期:2007-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health literacy is the ability to access to, understand, evaluate and use of essential health information to make basic health decisions. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate an instrument for measuring health literacy among adults (the Health Literacy Instrument for Adults - HELIA). ME...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08787-2
更新日期:2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are the mainstay of global and national TB control efforts. However, the gap between expected and reported cases persists for various reasons attributable to the TB services and care-seeking sides of the TB care cascade. Understanding individual and collecti...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09685-3
更新日期:2020-10-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The provision of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) was started in Myanmar in 2005 in collaboration with the National AIDS Program and the private sector. Successful clinical management of HIV-infected patients is subject to optimal adherence. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of adherence to A...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4309-5
更新日期:2017-05-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Great East Japan Earthquake of magnitude 9.0 that struck on 11 March 2011 resulted in more than 18000 deaths or cases of missing persons. The large-scale tsunami that followed the earthquake devastated many coastal areas of the Tohoku region, including Miyagi Prefecture, and many residents of the tsunami...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-34
更新日期:2014-01-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have suggested that food preference is a good indicator of actual food intake and that sedentary activity preference is a significant predictor of lower physical activity level. But no studies have examined the direct relationship between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) preferences and...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4386-5
更新日期:2017-05-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is unclear if objective selection of employees, for an intervention to prevent sickness absence, is more effective than subjective 'personal enlistment'. We hypothesize that objectively selected employees are 'at risk' for sickness absence and eligible to participate in the intervention program. METHODS:...
journal_title:BMC public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-67
更新日期:2007-05-02 00:00:00