Potential for combining semantics and data analysis in the context of digital twins.

abstract：:We revisit a recent study by Forte & Mitrovica in which global geophysical observables associated with mantle convection were inverted and the existence of a strong increase in viscosity near a depth of 2000 km was inferred. Employing mineral-physics data and theory we also showed that, although there are chemical ano...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Forte AM,Mitrovica JX,Espesset A

更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In line with its mission of alleviating poverty through support for environmentally and socially sustainable economic development, The World Bank (along with some other multilateral development banks) is working to help developing countries capture a share of the emerging global market in greenhouse-gas-emissions redu...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Kiss A,Castro G,Newcombe K

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Concern over the ever more rapid and widespread losses of biodiversity has instigated various remedial actions: whether in situ conservation, such as the establishment of protected areas, or ex situ, such as the conservation of germplasm in gene banks. In the past, such activities were funded and managed by the public...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Koziell I,Swingland IR

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The Agulhas Current system is a complex interplay of currents and eddies with the bathymetry. Components such as the East Madagascar Retroflection and the Agulhas Return Current evolve significantly over a month, and they are thus not adequately resolved by infrequent research-ship cruises. This paper contrasts the ab...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Quartly GD,Srokosz MA

更新日期：2003-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Heat, strain, topography and atmospheric emissions associated with volcanism are well observed by satellites orbiting the Earth. Gravity and electromagnetic transients from volcanoes may also prove to be measurable from space. The nature of eruptions means that the best strategy for measuring their dynamic properties ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Wadge G

更新日期：2003-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This article looks at the work of two of the UK's research councils and the way their funding contributes to science at large, and to the scientists themselves. Nina Morgan talks to three scientists from the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council and three from the Natural Environment Research Council about t...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Morgan N,Thompson JM

更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Rifted continental margins are the product of stretching, thinning and ultimate break-up of a continental plate into smaller fragments, and the rocks lying beneath them store a record of this rifting process. Earth scientists can read this record by careful sampling and with remote geophysical techniques. These experi...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Minshull TA

更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Application of semiconductor nanocrystals in optoelectronic devices requires an understanding not only of their emission and absorption properties, but also of the processes of charge injection and transport in nanocrystalline films. Here, we present measurements of the electrical properties of nanocrystalline films a...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Finlayson CE,Ginger DS,Marx E,Greenham NC

更新日期：2003-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of solid-state nucleation in highly supersaturated solid solutions has been investigated on the atomic scale by a combination of three-dimensional atom probe analysis and atomistic modelling using dynamical Ising models. In binary Cu-Co alloys, a simple atom-exchange model with a single thermodynamic param...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Cerezo A,Hirosawa S,Rozdilsky I,Smith GD

更新日期：2003-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Solid-solid contacts due to microscopic surface roughness in viscous fluids were examined by observing the translational and rotational behaviours of a suspended sphere falling past a lighter sphere or down an inclined surface. In both cases, a roll-slip behaviour was observed, with the gravitational forces balanced b...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Davis RH,Zhao Y,Galvin KP,Wilson HJ

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We are concerned with a three-dimensional layer of a perfect and irrotational liquid of density one (e.g. water) in a gravity field pointing vertically downwards. The layer is of infinite depth and bounded above by a free surface. Babenko developed a variational theory of steady periodic two-dimensional water waves wi...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Buffoni B

更新日期：2002-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Accretion in white-dwarf binary systems can occur through discs, accretion columns or a combination of these, depending on the magnetic field of the white dwarf. Recent high-quality X-ray observations with the XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories have significantly advanced our understanding of the physics of the accr...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Cropper M,Ramsay G,Hellier C,Mukai K,Mauche C,Pandel D

更新日期：2002-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent X-ray observations have had a major impact on topics ranging from proto-stars to cosmology. They have also drawn attention to important and general physical processes that currently limit our understanding of thermal and non-thermal X-ray sources. These include unmeasured atomic astrophysics data (wavelengths, ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Blandford RD

更新日期：2002-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the beginning of modern urban drainage in the 19th century, the sole objective has been to get rid of sewage and storm water in the best possible way and design the systems according to accepted standards. In recent decades, advanced methods have been developed not only to refine the design but also especially t...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Verworn HR

更新日期：2002-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, quarks are permanently confined by the strong interaction into bound states called hadrons. The values of some parameters, such as the quark masses and the strengths of the decays of one quark flavour into another, cannot be measured directly and must be deduced from exp...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Kenway R

更新日期：2002-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A timely combination of new theoretical ideas and observational discoveries has brought about significant advances in our understanding of cosmic evolution. Computer simulations have played a key role in these developments by providing the means to interpret astronomical data in the context of physical and cosmologica...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Frenk CS

更新日期：2002-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the first part of this review we survey the role optical/infrared interferometry now plays in ground-based astronomy. We discuss in turn the origins of astronomical interferometry, the motivation for its development, the techniques of its implementation, examples of its astronomical significance, and the limitation...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Baldwin JE,Haniff CA

更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews the opportunities and pitfalls associated with using clay mineralogical analysis in palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Following this, conjunctive methods of improving the reliability of clay mineralogical analysis are reviewed. The Mesozoic succession of NW Europe is employed as a case study. This dem...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Ruffell A,McKinley JM,Worden RH

更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:I first describe the notion of self-organization as a property of far-from-equilibrium nonlinear dissipative dynamical systems. Rather than describing such complex systems at a purely phenomenological level, however, I focus attention on the emergent nature of this complexity, by analysing a few examples of physical a...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Coveney PV

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Milton's epic poem Paradise lost supplies a colourful metaphor for the immune system and its responses to pathogens. With the role of Satan played by pathogens seeking to destroy the paradise of human health, GOD intervenes and imposes order out of chaos. In this context, GOD means 'generation of diversity': the capac...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Mak TW

更新日期：2003-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:While nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) techniques are unlikely to lead to a large-scale quantum computer, they are well suited to investigating basic phenomena and developing new techniques. Indeed, it is likely that many existing NMR techniques will find uses in quantum information processing. Here I describe how the...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Jones JA

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The technical aspects of computer security have fascinated researchers (including the author) for decades. It is, however, beginning to appear that the challenging problems are to do with people, rather than with mathematics or electronics. ...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Needham R

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper deals with correlations between the viscoelastic impedance of entangled actin networks and the slow conformational dynamics and diffusive motions of single filaments. The single filament dynamics is visualized and analysed by analysing the Brownian motion of attached colloidal beads, which enables independe...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Keller M,Tharmann R,Dichtl MA,Bausch AR,Sackmann E

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We are currently in the midst of a second quantum revolution. The first quantum revolution gave us new rules that govern physical reality. The second quantum revolution will take these rules and use them to develop new technologies. In this review we discuss the principles upon which quantum technology is based and th...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Dowling JP,Milburn GJ

更新日期：2003-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the mechanisms of past climate changes requires modelling of the complex interaction between all major components of the Earth system: atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. This paper reviews attempts at such an integrative approach to modelling climate changes during the glacial age....

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Ganopolski A

更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper the scientific challenges of observing, modelling, understanding and predicting rapid changes in climate are discussed, with a specific focus on the role of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The palaeo and present-day observational and modelling studies being carried out to meet these challenges, un...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Srokosz MA

更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Flying insects are remarkable examples of sophisticated sensory-motor control systems. Insects have solved the fundamental challenge facing the field of mobile robots: robust sensory-motor mapping. Control models based on insects can contribute much to the design of robotic control systems. We present our work on a pr...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Reiser MB,Dickinson MH

更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Find the next term in the sequence 1, 1, 12, 620, 87304. This particular problem belongs to a branch of mathematics called enumerative geometry. This is concerned with curve-counting - counting the number of curves that can be drawn on a particular geometric object. The sequence above is easy to describe: each term re...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Strachan I

更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological macromolecules have evolved over many millions of years into structures primed, in some cases, for both specific surface recognition and facile, directional electron tunnelling. The redox-active centres of metalloproteins play a central role in photosynthesis and respiration. The processes by which construc...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： Davis JJ

更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Solar sailing is emerging as a promising form of advanced spacecraft propulsion, which can enable exciting new space-science mission concepts. By exploiting the momentum transported by solar photons, solar sails can perform high-energy orbit-transfer manoeuvres without the need for reaction mass. Missions such as plan...

journal_title：Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences

authors： McInnes CR

更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00