Abstract:
:High levels of fecal bacteria are a concern for recreational waters; however, the source of contamination is often unknown. This study investigated whether direct sequencing of a bacterial gene could be utilized for detecting genetic differences between bacterial strains for microbial source tracking. A 525-nucleotide segment of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (uidA) was sequenced in 941 Escherichia coli isolates from the Clinton River-Lake St. Clair watershed, 182 E. coli isolates from human and animal feces, and 34 E. coli isolates from a combined sewer. Environmental isolates exhibited 114 alleles in 11 groups on a genetic tree. Frequency of strains from different genetic groups differed significantly (p < 0.03) between upstream reaches (Bear Creek-Red Run), downstream reaches, and Lake St. Clair beaches. Fecal E. coli uidA sequences exhibited 81 alleles that overlapped with the environmental set. An algorithm to assign alleles to different host sources averaged approximately 75% correct classification with the fecal data set. Using the same algorithm, the percent of environmental isolates assignable to humans decreased significantly between Bear Creek-Red Run (30 +/- 3%) and the beaches (17 +/- 2%) (p < 0.05). Birds accounted for approximately 50% of assignable environmental isolates. For combined sewer isolates, the same algorithm assigned 51% to humans. These experiments demonstrate differences in the frequency of different E. coli strains at different locations in a watershed, and provide a "proof in principle" that sequence-based data can be used for microbial source tracking.
journal_name
J Environ Qualjournal_title
Journal of environmental qualityauthors
Ram JL,Ritchie RP,Fang J,Gonzales FS,Selegean JPdoi
10.2134/jeq2004.1024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-05-01 00:00:00pages
1024-32issue
3eissn
0047-2425issn
1537-2537journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We compare subsurface-drainage NO-N and total reactive phosphorus (TRP) concentrations and yields of select bioenergy cropping systems and their rotational phases. Cropping systems evaluated were grain-harvested corn-soybean rotations, grain- and stover-harvested continuous corn systems with and without a cover crop, ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.02.0080
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trace elements (TEs) are universally present in environmental media, including soil, but agriculture uses some materials that have increased TE concentrations. Some TEs (e.g., Cu, Se, and Zn) are added to animal feeds to ensure animal health. Similarly, TEs are present in micronutrient fertilizers. In the case of phos...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0195
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abstract::The loss of phosphorus (P) from land to water is detrimental to surface water quality in many parts of New Zealand and Australia. Farming, especially pasture-based dairying, can be a source of P loss, but preventing it requires a range of fully costed strategies because little or no subsidies are available and the eff...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A vegetated filter strip (VFS) is a measure commonly implemented in agricultural landscapes for the purpose of improving water quality. However, much of the evidence to support their effectiveness comes from warm regions dominated by rainfall driven runoff. This study assessed the performance of VFS plots and compared...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2018.12.0452
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the US Midwest is expected to serve as a primary feedstock source for cellulosic biofuel production, the impacts of residue harvesting on soil organic carbon (SOC) may greatly limit sustainable production capacity. However, viable feedstock production could be realized through adoption of management practices an...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::The adsorption of chromate on mineral surfaces has received much attention due to its toxicity in natural systems. Spectroscopic studies have demonstrated that chromate forms inner-sphere complexes on variable-charge surfaces. However, in natural systems chromate has been observed to be fairly mobile, which has been e...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1703
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are few beneficial management practices (BMPs) with demonstrated efficacy in snowmelt-dominated regions. Small reservoirs are a BMP that can help mitigate flooding and reduce sediment transport, while reducing export of dissolved nutrients. To understand controls on nitrate removal and assess how this ecosystem ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2016.07.0252
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0332
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subsurface transport of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) from artificially drained agricultural fields can impair water quality, especially in no-till fields. The distribution of soil P in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-dominated Palouse region in the inland U.S. Pacific Northwest varies greatly due to its st...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20114
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Langmuir model is commonly used for describing the sorption behavior of reactive solutes to surfaces and is often fit to sorption data using nonlinear least squares regression. An important assumption of least squares regression is that the predictor variable is error free. In the case of sorption data, this assum...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0461
更新日期:2008-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::From 1974 to 1984, 543 Mg ha(-1) of biosolids were applied to portions of a land-reclamation site in Fulton County, IL. Soil organic C increased to 5.1% then decreased significantly (p < 0.01) to 3.8% following cessation of biosolids applications (1985-1997). Metal concentrations in amended soils (1995-1997) were not ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.2078
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bedding materials may affect air quality in livestock facilities. Our objective in this study was to compare headspace concentrations of ammonia (NH), total reduced sulfides (TRS), carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), and nitrous oxide (NO) when pine wood chips ( spp.) and corn stover ( L.) were mixed in various ratios ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.09.0466
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The short life span of many street trees in the Montreal downtown area may be due in part to higher than standard concentrations of trace metals in the tree pit soils. The effects of land use, soil organic matter, and time since tree planting in a given tree pit (soil age) were studied with respect to the total concen...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2013.02.0055
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Livestock impacts on total suspended solids (TSS) and pathogen (e.g., ) levels in rangeland streams are a serious concern worldwide. Herded stream crossings by domestic sheep () are periodic, necessary managerial events on high-elevation rangelands, but their impacts on stream water quality are largely unknown. We eva...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0005
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the effects of agricultural runoff on the vegetation structure of Franklin Bog, a priority conservation area located in a rapidly developing region of northwestern Vermont. Forested and agricultural runoff from the mixed land use watershed created differential vegetation patterns in the wetland, in...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2002.3500
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper management of shallow coastal systems, which are vulnerable to nutrient enrichment, requires knowledge of land use impacts on nutrient discharges. This study quantified base flow nutrient concentrations and yields for 1 yr (May 2001-April 2002) from 14 first-order streams on the Virginia Eastern Shore (VaES) on...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0358
更新日期:2009-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Porosity and permeability of porous and fractured geological media decrease with the exploitation of formation fluids such as petroleum, natural gas, or ground water. This may result in ground subsidence and a decrease of recovery of petroleum, natural gas, or ground water. Therefore, an evaluation of the behavior of ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorus dissolution often increases as soils become more reduced, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objectives of this research were to determine rates and mechanisms of P dissolution during microbial reduction of a surface soil from the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Duplicate suspensions of silt + c...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1793
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) profoundly influence biophysical conditions and modify biogeochemical processes across many northern-hemisphere and alpine ecosystems. How FTCs will contribute to global processes in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems in the future is of particular importance as climate change progresses...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20053
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Placement strategies for P fertilizer can affect P availability to crops and influence the amounts and forms of P removed from soil in runoff, contributing to eutrophication. On the Canadian prairies, most runoff occurs during snowmelt. Two adjacent farm fields in Saskatchewan, Canada, were used to assess the effects ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2018.07.0276
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticide transport through the unsaturated zone is a function of chemical and soil characteristics, application, and water recharge rate. The fate and transport of 82 pesticides and degradates were investigated at five different agricultural sites. Atrazine and metolachlor, as well as several of the degradates of atr...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0024
更新日期:2008-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::Vegetated filter strips (VFS) have become an important component of water quality improvement by reducing sediment and nutrients transport to surface water. This management practice is also beneficial for controlling manure-borne pathogen transport to surface water. The objective of this work was to assess the VFS eff...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0328
更新日期:2009-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::DIMBOA (3,4-dihydro-2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one), a major benzoxazinone of Poaceae plants, was isolated and purified from corn seedlings. The effect of isolated and purified DIMBOA on the degradation of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], and its toxic breakdown produc...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0409
更新日期:2005-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used by the USEPA to establish new recreational water quality criteria in 2012 using the indicator bacteria enterococci. The application of this method has been limited, but resource managers are interested in more timely monitoring results. In this study, we evaluated...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2017.11.0462
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::For (134/137)Cs, and many other soil contaminants, research into transfer to plants has focused on particular crops and phytoremediation candidates, producing uptake data for a small proportion of all plant taxa. Despite the significance of differences in uptake between plant taxa, the capacity of soil-to-plant transf...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.0454
更新日期:2005-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing interest in the role that urban forests can play as urban microclimate modifiers. Tree shade and evapotranspiration affect energy fluxes and mitigate microclimate conditions, with beneficial effects on human health and outdoor comfort. The aim of this study was to investigate surface temperature () va...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.02.0097
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play an important role in the restoration of ecosystem functions of reclaimed mine soils (RMSs). Postreclamation land use in RMSs affects soil C and N pools and fluxes. We compared the effects of 28-yr-old postreclamation land uses (forest, hay, and pasture) on selected chemical properties ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0071
更新日期:2007-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Transport of phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields to water bodies deteriorates water quality and causes eutrophication. To reduce P losses and optimize P use efficiency by crops, better knowledge is needed of P turnover in soil and the efficiency of best management practices (BMPs). In this review, we examined thes...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2014.04.0165
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is nitrate harmful to humans? Are the current limits for nitrate concentration in drinking water justified by science? There is substantial disagreement among scientists over the interpretation of evidence on the issue. There are two main health issues: the linkage between nitrate and (i) infant methaemoglobinaemia, a...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0177
更新日期:2008-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::Perchlorate (ClO4-) contamination of ground water and surface water is a widespread problem, particularly in the western United States. This study examined the effect of biodegradation on perchlorate fate and transport in soils. Solute transport experiments were conducted on two surface soils. Pulses of solution conta...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.4000
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00