Abstract:
:We have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of two chicken beta-tubulin genes, beta 1 and beta 2. These genes display an unusual pattern of segmental homology which indicates that they originally arose by gene duplication and have subsequently coevolved by a process that included localized gene conversion or intergenic recombination. Since the beta-tubulin polypeptides encoded by the two genes are virtually identical (99.5%), particularly in the major beta-tubulin isotype defining regions, they almost certainly constitute a single isotypic class of beta tubulin. However, the regulatory properties of the two genes are highly divergent as indicated by analysis of their patterns of expression in different chicken cell types. beta 1 is the major transcript detected in skeletal muscle myoblasts, whereas beta 2 is the major beta-tubulin transcript in cultured sympathetic neurons. The existence of these two genes appears to derive from a regulatory requirement whereby the expression of a single tubulin isotype is mediated through different regulatory programs in development and differentiation. These results thus provide direct experimental support for the hypothesis that gene conversion and intergenic recombination play an important role in evolution by uncoupling the evolution of structural genes from the regulatory sequences which control them.
journal_name
Mol Cell Bioljournal_title
Molecular and cellular biologyauthors
Sullivan KF,Lau JT,Cleveland DWdoi
10.1128/mcb.5.9.2454subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-09-01 00:00:00pages
2454-65issue
9eissn
0270-7306issn
1098-5549journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Activation of oncogenes or inhibition of WEE1 kinase deregulates cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and leads to replication stress; however, the underlying mechanism is not understood. We now show that elevation of CDK activity by inhibition of WEE1 kinase rapidly increases initiation of replication. This leads t...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00412-12
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reb1p is a DNA binding protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that has been implicated in the activation of transcription by polymerase (Pol) II, in the termination of transcription by Pol I, and in the organization of nucleosomes. Studies of the transcriptional control of the REB1 gene have led us to identify three Reb1...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.18.7.4368
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The niaD and niiA genes of Aspergillus nidulans, which code, respectively, for nitrate and nitrite reductases, are divergently transcribed, and their ATGs are separated by 1,200 bp. The genes are under the control of the positively acting NirA transcription factor, which mediates nitrate induction. The DNA binding dom...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.15.10.5688
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The opposing effects on proliferation mediated by G-protein-coupled receptor isoforms differing in their COOH termini could be correlated with the abilities of the receptors to differentially activate p38, implicated in apoptotic events, or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K), which provides a source of survival si...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.20.16.5974-5985.2000
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulates in virus-infected mammalian cells and signals the activation of host defense pathways of the interferon system. We describe here a novel form of dsRNA-triggered signaling that leads to the stimulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and the c-Jun NH(2)-ter...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.20.2.617-627.2000
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The minimal muscle-specific dystrophin promoter contains the consensus sequence CC(A/T)6GG, or the CArG element, which can be found in serum-inducible or muscle-specific promoters. The serum response factor (SRF), which mediates the transcriptional activation of the c-fos gene in response to serum stimulation, can bin...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.17.3.1731
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) suppresses the loss of telomeres replicated by lagging-strand synthesis by a yet to be defined mechanism. Here, we show that whereas either WRN or the Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) stimulates DNA polymerase δ progression across telomeric G-rich repeats, only WRN promotes sequential st...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00560-16
更新日期:2017-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::We have screened an adult rat cerebellar cDNA library in search of novel protein tyrosine-kinase (PTK) cDNAs. A cDNA for a putative PTK, trkB, was cloned, and its sequence indicates that it is likely to be derived from a gene for a ligand-regulated receptor closely related to the human trk oncogene. Northern (RNA) ana...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.11.1.143
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a critical factor for hepatocyte differentiation. HNF4α expression is decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which suggests a role in repression of hepatocyte dedifferentiation. In the present study, hepatic expression of HNF4γ was increased in liver-specific Hnf4a-null mi...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00213-18
更新日期:2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::The product of the putative proto-oncogene bcl-3 is an I kappa B-like molecule with novel binding properties specific for a subset of the rel family of transcriptional regulators. In vitro, Bcl-3 protein specifically inhibited the DNA binding of both the homodimeric NF-kappa B p50 subunit and a closely related homolog...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.13.6.3557
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is scant knowledge regarding how cell surface lipid-anchored T-cadherin (T-cad) transmits signals through the plasma membrane to its intracellular targets. This study aimed to identify membrane proteins colocalizing with atypical glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored T-cad on the surface of endothelial cel...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00157-08
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have implicated the role of the SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex in nuclear excision repair (NER), but the mechanism of its function has remained elusive. Here, we show that the human SWI/SNF component human SNF5 (hSNF5) interacts with UV damage recognition factor XPC and colocalizes w...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00503-09
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step for deoxyribonucleotide production required for DNA synthesis, is an alpha2beta2 tetramer consisting of two large and two small subunits. RNR2 encodes a small subunit and is essential for mitotic viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have clone...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.17.10.6105
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The erythropoietin (Epo) gene is under tissue-specific inducible regulation. Because the kidney is the primary EPO-producing tissue in adults, impaired EPO production in chronic kidney disorders results in serious renal anemia. The Epo gene contains a liver-specific enhancer in the 3' region, but the kidney-specific e...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00451-16
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytosolic heat shock cognate 70-kDa protein (hsc70) is required for efficient import of ornithine transcarbamylase precursor (pOTC) into rat liver mitochondria (K. Terada, K. Ohtsuka, N. Imamoto, Y. Yoneda, and M. Mori, Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:3708-3713, 1995). The requirement of hsc70 for mitochondrial import of vari...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.16.11.6103
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined the possible role of adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (cAMP) in functions associated with the plasma membranes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purified membranes from this source contained an adenylate cyclase which was insensitive to activation by fluoride or guanine nucleotides, only weakly responsive to chan...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.2.12.1481
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tyrosinase family comprises three members, tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1), and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct). Null mutations and deletions at the Tyr and Tyrp1 loci are known and phenotypically affect coat color due to the absence of enzyme or intracellular mislocalization. At the Dct locus,...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.24.8.3396-3403.2004
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both chemotaxis and phagocytosis depend upon actin-driven cell protrusions and cell membrane remodeling. While chemoattractant receptors rely upon canonical G-protein signaling to activate downstream effectors, whether such signaling pathways affect phagocytosis is contentious. Here, we report that Gαi nucleotide exch...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00325-14
更新日期:2014-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Members of the cytokine receptor superfamily have structurally similar extracellular ligand-binding domains yet diverse cytoplasmic regions lacking any obvious catalytic domains. Many of these receptors form ligand-induced oligomers which are likely to participate in transmembrane signaling. A constitutively active (f...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.14.6.3535
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ∼230-residue C-terminal tail of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is phosphorylated upon activation. We examined whether this phosphorylation is affected by deletions within the tail and whether the two tails in the asymmetric active EGFR dimer are phosphorylated differently. We monitored autophosphoryla...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00248-15
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::CPC1 is the transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes of Neurospora crassa. CPC1 function in vivo was abolished upon deletion of segments of cpc-1 corresponding to the presumed transcription activation domain, the DNA-binding and dimerization domains, or a 52-residue connector segment of CPC1. A trunc...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.11.2.935
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::MicroRNA 155 (miR-155) is an oncomir, generated as a noncoding RNA from the BIC gene whose promoter activity is mainly controlled via activation protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB transcription factors. We found that the expression levels of miR-155 and programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) exhibit inverse relationships in tongue c...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00410-18
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately half of the introns in Drosophila melanogaster are too small to function in a vertebrate and often lack the pyrimidine tract associated with vertebrate 3' splice sites. Here, we report the splicing and spliceosome assembly properties of two such introns: one with a pyrimidine-poor 3' splice site and one ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.14.5.3434
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The abundance of crystallins (> 80% of the soluble protein) in the ocular lens provides advantageous markers for selective gene expression during cellular differentiation. Here we show by functional and protein-DNA binding experiments that the chicken alpha A-crystallin gene is regulated by at least five control eleme...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.14.11.7363
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::ADR1 is a yeast transcription factor that contains two zinc fingers of the Cys-2-His-2 (C2H2) class. Mutations that change the specificity of DNA binding of ADR1 to its target site, upstream activation sequence 1 (UAS1), have been identified at three positions in the first zinc finger. Mutations Arg-115 to Gln, His-11...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.12.6.2784
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that adds repetitive sequences to the ends of linear chromosomes, thereby counteracting nucleotide loss due to incomplete replication. A short region of the telomerase RNA subunit serves as template for nucleotide addition onto the telomere 3' end. Although Saccharomyces cerevi...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.21.21.7277-7286.2001
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are nearly 50 forkhead (FOX) transcription factors encoded in the human genome and, due to sharing a common DNA binding domain, they are all thought to bind to similar DNA sequences. It is therefore unclear how these transcription factors are targeted to specific chromatin regions to elicit specific biological e...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/MCB.00881-12
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used extrachromosomal substrates carrying immunoglobulin heavy-chain S mu and S gamma 3 switch region sequences to study activation and targeting of recombination by a transcriptional enhancer element. Substrates are transiently introduced into activated primary murine B cells, in which recombination involving...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.14.2.1450
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are four members of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors in vertebrates, MEF2A, -B, -C, and -D, which have homology within a MADS box at their amino termini and an adjacent motif known as the MEF2 domain. These factors activate muscle gene expression by binding as homo- and hetero...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.16.6.2627
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The levels of the A, B, and C subunits of protein phosphatase 2A in extracts from synchronized embryonic bovine tracheal cells were determined by immunoblotting with subunit-specific antibodies. A constant amount of each subunit was found in resting cells as well as in growing cells from all stages of the cell cycle. ...
journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/mcb.11.8.4282
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00