Abstract:
:Nutrient management plans (NMPs) for application of wastewater from concentrated animal feeding operations are designed to meet crop water and nutrient requirements, but implicitly assume that pathogenic microorganisms in the wastewater will be retained and die-off in the root zone. A NMP was implemented on a field plot to test this assumption by monitoring the fate of several fecal indicator microorganisms (Enterococcus, fecal coliforms, somatic coliphage, and total Escherichia coli). When well-water and wastewater were applied to meet measured evapotranspiration (ET), little advective transport of the indicator microorganisms occurred below the root zone and the remaining microorganisms rapidly died-off (within 1 mo). Additional experiments were conducted in the laboratory to better quantify microorganism transport and survival in the field soil. Batch survival experiments revealed much more rapid die-off rates for the bacterial indicator microorganisms in native than in sterilized soil, suggesting that biotic factors controlled survival. Saturated column experiments with packed field soil, demonstrated much greater transport potential for somatic coliphage than bacterial indicators (Enterococcus and total E. coli) and that the retention rates for the indicator microorganisms were not log-linear with depth. A worst case transport scenario of ponded infiltration on a large undistributed soil column from the field was also initiated and indicator microorganisms were not detected in the column outflow or in the soil at a depth of 65 cm. All of these observations support the hypothesis that a NMP at this site will protect groundwater supplies from microorganism contamination, especially when applied water and wastewater meet ET.
journal_name
J Environ Qualjournal_title
Journal of environmental qualityauthors
Bradford SA,Segal Edoi
10.2134/jeq2008.0428subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-06-23 00:00:00pages
1728-38issue
4eissn
0047-2425issn
1537-2537pii
38/4/1728journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Proper management of shallow coastal systems, which are vulnerable to nutrient enrichment, requires knowledge of land use impacts on nutrient discharges. This study quantified base flow nutrient concentrations and yields for 1 yr (May 2001-April 2002) from 14 first-order streams on the Virginia Eastern Shore (VaES) on...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0358
更新日期:2009-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::While the US Midwest is expected to serve as a primary feedstock source for cellulosic biofuel production, the impacts of residue harvesting on soil organic carbon (SOC) may greatly limit sustainable production capacity. However, viable feedstock production could be realized through adoption of management practices an...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2017.04.0177
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PO on the sorption and transport of glyphosate [-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, GPS] in soils. The results of batch experiments indicated significant competition between PO and GPS in two different soils, with PO being preferentially sorbed. The 24-h Freundlich part...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2018.06.0252
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mobility of dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly affects the export of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from soils to surface waters. To study the sorption and mobility of dissolved organic C and P (DOC, DOP) in soil, the pH-dependent sorption of DOM to samples from Ap, EB, and Bt horizons from a Danish agricultural...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2006.0081
更新日期:2007-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::The adsorption of chromate on mineral surfaces has received much attention due to its toxicity in natural systems. Spectroscopic studies have demonstrated that chromate forms inner-sphere complexes on variable-charge surfaces. However, in natural systems chromate has been observed to be fairly mobile, which has been e...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1703
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urbanization alters the delivery of water and sediment to receiving streams, often leading to channel erosion and enlargement, which increases loading of sediment and nutrients, degrades habitat, and harms sensitive biota. Stormwater control measures (SCMs) are constructed in an attempt to mitigate some of these effec...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20047
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Man has land-applied societal nonhazardous wastes for centuries as a means of disposal and to improve the soil via the recycling of nutrients and the addition of organic matter. Nonhazardous wastes include a vast array of materials, including manures, biosolids, composts, wastewater effluents, food-processing wastes, ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0007
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water resource managers seeking to optimize stream ecosystem services and abstractions of water from watersheds need an understanding of the importance of land use, physical and climatic characteristics, and hydrography on different low flow components of stream hydrographs. Within 33 USGS gaged watersheds of southern...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.08.0434
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulfonylurea herbicides are applied at relatively low rates (3 to 40 g ha(-1)) to control weeds in a variety of crops across the Canadian prairies. Because of their high phytotoxicity and the likelihood of their transport in surface runoff, there is concern about their possible impact to aquatic ecosystems. Little is ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0462
更新日期:2006-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Manure composting is a common management practice for cattle feedlots, but gaseous emissions from composting are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to quantify ammonia (NH3 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), and methane (CH4 ) emissions from windrow composting (turning) and static stockpil...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20029
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Denitrifying bioreactors (DNBRs) harness the natural capacity of microorganisms to convert bioavailable nitrogen (N) into inert nitrogen gas (N) by providing a suitable anaerobic habitat and an organic carbon energy source. Woodchip systems are reported to remove 2 to 22 g N m d, but the potential to enhance denitrifi...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.04.0179
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorus (P) in irrigation runoff may enrich offsite water bodies and streams and be influenced by irrigation water quality and antecedent soil surface conditions. Runoff, soil loss, and P fractions in runoff using reverse osmosis (RO) water or mixed RO and well water (RO/ Tap) were studied in a laboratory sprinkler...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2001.3041315x
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmaceuticals used in animal feeding operations have been detected in various environmental settings. There is a growing concern about the impact on terrestrial and aquatic organisms and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical use in milking cows is relatively limited compar...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0371
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In their natural state, river floodplains are heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems that may retain and remove large quantities of nitrogen from surface waters. We compared the soil nitrogen dynamics in different types of habitat patches in a restored and a channelized section of a Thur River floodplain (northeast Swit...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2012.0059
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Constructed wetland treatment systems are used to remove selenium (Se) from flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater (WW). However, direct confirmation of the mechanism responsible for FGD WW Se retention in soil is lacking. A laboratory-based soil column study was performed to develop an evidence-based mechanism of ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2016.09.0335
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Livestock manure applications on fields can be a source of contamination in water resources, including groundwater. Although fecal indicators like have often been detected in tile drainage systems, few studies have monitored groundwater at depth after manure treatments, especially at sites with a deep, heterogeneous v...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2015.02.0067
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whole-cell bacterial biosensors (bioreporters) are commonly applied for determination of metal toxicity and bioavailability in environmental samples. This is accomplished using a standard procedure whereby the sample is mixed with bioreporter cells suspended in a buffered medium at a fixed pH (set-point pH assay). Thi...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2018.10.0352
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isotopically exchangeable metals in soil, also termed labile metals, are reversibly bound to soil surface and are a better index of the environmental risk of the metals than are their total concentrations. In this study, labile fractions of potentially toxic elements were surveyed in metal mining-impacted soils of Mex...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeq2.20055
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential element that occurs at above-background concentrations in many New Zealand (NZ) soils. Most of this Cd is due to the historical application of single superphosphate that was made from Nauru phosphate rock containing between 400 and 600 mg Cd kg P. Pasture Cd uptake exacerbates the entry ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2013.09.0367
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil chemical constituents influence soil structure and erosion potential. We investigated manure and inorganic fertilizer applications on soil chemistry (carbon [C] quality and exchangeable cations), aggregation, and phosphorus (P) loss in overland flow. Surface samples (0-5 cm) of a Hagerstown (fine, mixed, semiacti...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.2070
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Terbuthylazine (TA) is a herbicide that has been introduced for weed control in corn cultivations as a direct replacement for atrazine. Because incorporation of different organic amendments (OAs) is a common practice in this crop, this study investigated the effects of different OAs, including urban sewage sludge, pou...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0162
更新日期:2009-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Ultraviolet-B radiation is an environmental stress for plants and this situation could become aggravated in the next decades. In this study we used Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a model system to test whether an environmental stress derived from global change, such as UVB, can influence the efficacy of...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1376
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythromycin has been widely used in food-producing animals and in humans, and is frequently detected as an organic pollutant in U.S. streams. In batch experiments with homoionic clays, the Freundlich isotherms were determined at 10 and 25 degrees C. The adsorption of erythromycin A was strongly influenced by clay typ...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.2570
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil, plants, and water may impart negative effects on ecosystem and human health. We quantified the concentration and distribution of 41 PAH (n = 32), organic C, total N, and S (n = 140) and investigated PAH sources using a chronosequence of floodplain soi...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0270
更新日期:2010-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Biochar has been heralded as an amendment to revitalize degraded soils, improve soil carbon sequestration, increase agronomic productivity, and enter into future carbon trading markets. However, scientific and economic technicalties may limit the ability of biochar to consistently deliver on these expectations. Past r...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2134/jeq2011.0069
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agroforestry, the deliberate integration of trees into agricultural operations, sequesters carbon (C) while providing valuable services on agricultural lands. However, methods to quantify present and projected C stocks in these open-grown woody systems are limited. As an initial step to address C accounting in agrofor...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0098
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transport of phosphorus (P) from agricultural fields to water bodies deteriorates water quality and causes eutrophication. To reduce P losses and optimize P use efficiency by crops, better knowledge is needed of P turnover in soil and the efficiency of best management practices (BMPs). In this review, we examined thes...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2014.04.0165
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seventeen different wastewater sludges were characterized using both chemical and organic matter fractionation methods (water extraction, Van Soest method, and acid hydrolysis) and 6-mo incubation studies to assess their decomposition in soil. Simple correlation and multiple factor analysis (MFA) were then performed t...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1885
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Determination of sorption of hydrophilic, weakly sorbing organic compounds in soil by conventional batch methods using a slurried suspension is often prone to considerable errors because small changes in the solution concentration on equilibration must be accurately determined. This difficulty is exacerbated for compo...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2003.0423
更新日期:2005-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Intensification of pastoral dairy systems often means more nitrogen (N) leaching. A number of mitigation strategies have been proposed to reduce or reverse this trend. The main strategies focus on reducing the urinary N load onto pastures or reducing the rate of nitrification once the urine has been deposited. Restric...
journal_title:Journal of environmental quality
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2134/jeq2016.08.0325
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00