Abstract:
:Equinus is characterized by reduced dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, but there is a lack of consensus regarding criteria for definition and diagnosis. This review examines the literature relating to the definition, assessment, diagnosis, prevalence, and complications of equinus. Articles on equinus and assessment of ankle joint range of motion were identified by searching the EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cinahl, and Cochrane databases and by examining the reference lists of the articles found. There is inconsistency regarding the magnitude of reduction in dorsiflexion required to constitute a diagnosis of equinus and no standard method for assessment; hence, the prevalence of equinus is unknown. Goniometric assessment of ankle joint range of motion was shown to be unreliable, whereas purpose-built tools demonstrated good reliability. Reduced dorsiflexion is associated with alterations in gait, increased forefoot pressure, and ankle injury, the magnitude of reduction in range of motion required to predispose to foot or lower-limb abnormalities is not known. In the absence of definitive data, we propose a two-stage definition of equinus: the first stage would reflect dorsiflexion of less than 10 degrees with minor compensation and a minor increase in forefoot pressure, and the second stage would reflect dorsiflexion of less than 5 degrees with major compensation and a major increase in forefoot pressure. This proposed definition of equinus will assist with standardizing the diagnosis and will provide a basis for future studies of the prevalence, causes, and complications of this condition.
journal_name
J Am Podiatr Med Assocjournal_title
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Associationauthors
Charles J,Scutter SD,Buckley Jdoi
10.7547/1000195subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-05-01 00:00:00pages
195-203issue
3eissn
8750-7315issn
1930-8264pii
100/3/195journal_volume
100pub_type
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